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University  of  California. 

Received         QO-e.JlJ-^  •  ^^^^^  ■ 


Accessions  No.{^dy33    ■        CLn<  Vn.    1  7   f 


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p.   YERGILI  MAKONIS 

AENEIDOS 


.mm 


(Elementarg  Cnassics 

P.  VERGILI   MARONIS 
AENEIDOS 

LIBER    I. 

EDITED,  WITH  NOTES  AND  A    VOCABULARY 
FOR   THE   USE  OF  SCHOOLS 

BY  THE 
REV.   ARTHUR   S.   WALPOLE,   A.M. 

NEW    EDITION 

Revised  and  Enlarged,  for  Use  in  American  Schools,  by 

HENRY  CLARK  JOHXSON,  A.M.,  LL.B., 

PRESIDENT   OF  THE   CENTRAL   HIGH    SCHOOL,   PHILADELPHIA,   PA.,  AND 
LATE   PROFESSOR  OF  LATIN  IN  THE   LEHIGH  UNIVERSITY 


MACMILLAN    AND    CO. 

AND    LONDON 

1893         ^^'ot  rsn 

All  rights  reserved 


Copyright,  1893, 
By  MACMILLAjST  AND    CO. 


First  edition  printed  1S82. 
Reprinted  1SS6,  iSgo. 


Xorlxiooti  iprcss : 

J.  S.  Cushingr  &  Co.  —  Berwick  &  Smith. 

Boston,  Mass.,  U.S.A. 


CONTEIsTTS. 
— *»• — 

PAGE 

Preface "^ii 

Introduction i^ 

Aexeid  !.....•••••  1 

Notes ^^ 

Vocabulary 8^ 

Metrical  Index 13^ 

Index  to  the  Notes             141 


Of  TKe 


■^  0?  THl    ^ 


PEEFAOE. 


-•c*- 


The  original  edition  of  this  work  was  based 
upon  the  best  commentators,  especially  Conington 
and  Nettleship,  Wagner,  Eibbeck,  Kennedy,  and 
Kappes,  and  the  text  was  the  result  of  a  careful 
comparison  of  those  editors.  In  re-editing  it,  I 
have  still  farther  compared  it  with  Heyne  and 
Lade  wig,  and  other  standard  authorities,  with  es- 
pecial regard  to  the  testimony  of  the  best  manu- 
scripts, and  Brambach's  decisions  as  to  the  best 
orthography. 

The  notes  have  been  rewritten  and  enlarged  with 
the  view  of  meeting  the  actual  wants  of  pupils  in 
American  schools ;  numerous  references  have  been 
made  to  the  Latin  Grammars  of  Allen  and  Green- 
ough  (A.),  and  Harkness  (H.),  and  explanations  of 
such  points  in  history  and  geography,  mythology 

and  antiquities,  as  seem  to  require  it,  have  been 

vii 


Vlll  A  Ey  FIDOS. 

freely  inserted.  A  metrical  index  pointing  out  the 
chief  difficulties  in  the  scanning  has  also  been 
added. 

Several  changes  have  also  been  made  in  the 
vocabulary,  especially  in  the  marking  of  the  quan- 
tities of  vowels,  and  several  misprints  in  the 
English  edition  have  been  corrected. 

HENRY   CLARK  JOHNSON. 

Central  High  School,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
April  1,  1893. 


INTEODUCTION. 


-*<>•- 


Publius   Vergilius  Maro  was  born,  the  son  of    a 
farmer,  near  Mantua,  b.c.  70;   and  was  educated 
first  at  Cremona  and  Milan,  then  at  Naples  under 
the  Greek  grammarian  Parthenius.     Although  he 
was  one  of  the  few  great  Roman  writers  who  did 
not  go  to  Greece  for  education,  his  knowledge  and 
appreciation   of   Greek   literature   were  wide   and 
deep.     In  b.c.  42  the  confiscation  of  his  farm,  in 
order  to  give  it  to  the  veterans  (whose  services  in 
the   field  were  thus   rewarded   at  the  expense  of 
their  civilian  neighbours),  brought   him  to  Eome. 
There  he  became   acquainted  with  Maecenas,  the 
patron  also  of  Horace  (to  whom  Vergil  dedicated 
his  Georgics,  Horace  his  Odes),  and  with  Augustus. 
His  earliest  poems  were  Eclogues,  pastoral  poems 
in  imitation  of  the  Sicilian  Greek  Theocritus ;  his 
most  finished  work  was   entitled  the   Georgics,  a 
poetical   treatise    on   farming,   or,   as  it  has   been 

ix 


X  AENEIDOS. 

happily  put,  "  the  glorification  of  labour."  He 
died  B.C.  21.  The  following  epitapli  is  said  to  have 
been  composed  by  him :  — 

Mantua  me  genuit,  Calabri  rapuere,  tenet  nunc 
Partheuope:  Cecini  pascua,  rura,  duces. 

The  Aeneid  was  meant  to  be,  and  it  was,  a 
national  epic ;  it  was  to  reveal,  concentrated  in  one 
focus,  the  glorious  past,  on  which  Augustus  wished 
the  Romans,  '^  the  servile  offspring  of  the  free,"  to 
dwell.  Vergil  was  a  patriot  to  the  core,  and  the 
loving  enthusiasm  with  which  he  writes  goes  far  to 
compensate  that  want  of  freshness,  which  has  often 
been  brought  up  against  him,  but  which  was  really 
unavoidable  in  his  generation.  The  chief  charac- 
teristics of  the  Aeneid  are  grace,  subtlety,  and 
elaborate  quaintness,  which  are  combined  with  a 
command  of  language  truly  masterful,  and  kept 
from  awkwardness  and  affectation  only  by  the 
poet's  exquisite  taste,  judgment,  and  skill.  He 
borrowed  freely  (what  Latin  poet  did  not?),  but 
the  manner  in  which  he  borrowed  made  the  theft 
his  own ;  and  every  translation  contains  some 
touches  which  Vergil,  and  Vergil  alone,  could  put 


INTRODUCTION.  xi 

in.  It  has  of  late  been  usual  to  depreciate  him  by 
the  side  of  Lucretius  and  Catullus,  the  poets  of  the 
generation  before.  But  little  is  to  be  gained  from 
such  comparisons ;  for  while  Vergil  and  Horace 
excel  in  polish  and  refinement,  their  elder  contem- 
poraries possessed  a  power  and  fire  altogether  their 
own. 

Story  of  the  Aeneid.  —  (Book  II.)  Aeneas,  son  of 
Anchises  and  Venus,  scarcely  by  the  aid  of  the 
gods  rescues  his  father  and  son  from  the  flaming 
ruins  of  Troy.  (III.)  Landing  first  in  Thrace  he 
touches  at  Delos,  Crete,  Lucadia,  Chaonia,  and 
Sicily,  where  Anchises  dies.  (I.)  Setting  sail 
from  Sicily  they  are  wrecked  at  Juno's  instigation, 
and  come  to  Carthage,  where  Queen  Dido  (whom 
Venus  has  inflamed  with  love  for  Aeneas)  kindly 
receives  them.  (III.)  But  the  fates  do  not  suffer 
Aeneas  to  give  up  Italy,  the  object  of  his  whole 
voyage,  and  (IV.)  he  sets  sail  from  Carthage,  Dido 
slaying  herself  in  despair.  (V.)  The  Trojans  in 
Sicily  celebrate  the  anniversary  of  Anchises'  death, 
and  during  the  games  the  Trojan  women  fire  their 
ships,  which  are  saved,  but  by  Jupiter's  aid.  (VI.) 
Aeneas  at  Cumae  (near  Naples)  visits  the  infernal 


XU  AENEIDOS. 

regions,  and  sees  his  father  and  the  future  heroes 
of  Kome.  The  last  six  books  (based  on  the  Iliad) 
tell  of  Aeneas'  wars  in  Italy,  and  his  final  triumph 
over  Turnus,  the  Rutulian  chief,  whom  he  slays 
with  his  own  hand. 

The  text  of  Vergil  is  on  the  whole  in  a  satisfac- 
tory state,  although  this  applies  less  to  the  Aeneid 
(which  was  left  unfinished)  than  to  the  other 
poems.  We  have  no  fewer  than  seven  uncials 
(i.e.  MSS.  written  in  capitals,  and  therefore  early), 
the  two  best,  the  Roman  and  Medicean,  dating 
from  the  fourth  century. 


V 


AENEIDOS. 

LIBER  PRIMUS. 


-•o^ 


I  sing  of  the  loanderinys  and  wars  of  Aeneas. 

Arma  virmiique  cano,  Troiae  qui  primii^jilajoris 
Italiam,  fato  profugus,  Lavinaque  venit 
litora,  multuiitille  et  teri:i^j^actatuset3lfe(> 
vi  superumi  sae^;w,e  memorem  lunonis  ob  irani, 
multa  quoque^et  bello  passus,  cluni  conderet  urbem  5 
inferretque  deos  Latio ;  genus  unde  Latinum 
Albanique  patres  atque  altae  moenia  Eomae. 

Why,  muse,  did  Juno  persecute  him? 

Musa,  mihi  causas  meraora,  quo  numlne  laeso, 
quidve  dolens  regina  deum  tot'  volvere  casus 
insignem  pietate  virum,  tot  adire  labores  10 

iupulerit.     Tantaene  animis  caelestibus  irae  ? 

J%ino  loved  Carthage  as  much  as  she  hated  the  Trojans. 

TJrbs  antiqua  fuit,  —  Tyrii  tenuere  coloni,  — 
Karthag^,  Italiam  contra  Tiberinaque  longe 


15 


2  AEyEIDOS. 

v/ 

ostia,  dives  opum  stiicliisque  asperrima  belli ; 
qiiam  Iiino  fertur  terris  niagis  omnibus  unam 
postlTalTita  cbluisse  bajino  :  Incliiriiis  arnia, 
liic  currus  fiiit ;  hoc  regimm  aea  gentibus  esse, 
si  qua  fata  sinant,  iam  turn  tenditque  f ovetque. 
Progeniem  sed  eniin  Troiano  a  sanguine  duci 
audierat,  Tyrias  oli.m  quae  verj^^fcarces ;  20 

hinc  populum  late  regem  bellofj^HRperbum 
venturuiu  excidio  Libyae :  sic  voivere  Parcas. 
Id  metuens  veterisque  meiiior  Saturnja  belli, 
prima  quod  ad  Troiam  pro  caris  gesserat  Argis : 
—  necdum  etiam  causa^Jrarum  saevique  dolores  25 
exciderant  animo ;  manet  alta  mente  repostum 
iudicium  Paridis  spretaeque  iniuria  formae, 
et  genus  invisum,  et  rapti  Ganymedis  honores  :  — 
his  accensa  super  iactatos  aequore  toto 
Troas,  reliquias  Danauni  atque  immitis  Acl\illi,     30 
arcebat  longe  Latio,  multosque  per  annos 
errabant  acti  fatis  maria  omnia  circum : 
tantae  molis  erat  Pomanam  condere  gentem. 

She  chafes  to  think  that  ivhereas  Pallas  had  destroyed  the  Greek 
fleet,  she,  the  queen  of  the  Gods,  could  not  keep  Aeneas  from 
Italy. 

Vix  6  conspectu  Siculae  telluris  in  altum 
vela  dabant  laeti  et  spumas  salis  aere  ruebant,      35 
cum  luno  aeternum  servans  sub  pectore  volnus 
haec  secum  :  '  Mene  inceptS  desistere  victam, 


LIBER   I.  6 

nee  pos^'e  Italia  Teucroriim  avertere  regem  ? 
quippe  vetor  fatis.     Pallasne  exurere  classem 
ArgiVdm  atqiie  ipsos  potuit  submergere  pont'o       40 
uiims  ob  nox^m  et  furias  Aiacis  Oili  ?  ^ 

Ipsa,-Iovis  rapidtim  iaculata  e  nubibus  ignem, 
clisiecitque  rates  evertitque  aequora  ventis, 
illiiBi  exspii'antem  transfixo  pectore  flammas 
turbine  corripuit  scopuloque  infixit  acuto.  45 

Ast  ego,  quae  divtini  incedo  regina,  lovisque 
et  soror  et  coninnx,  una  cum  gente  tot  annos 
bella  gero :  et  quisquam  numen  lunonis  adorat 
praeterea,  aut  supplex  aris  imponet  honorem  ? ' 


She  asks  Aeolus'  aid,  and  he  lets  loose  all  the  loinds,  the  storm 

and  shipivreck. 

Talia  fiammatc)  secum  dea  corde  volii'tans  50 

nimbbrum^in  patriam,  loca  feta  furentibus  Austris 
Aeoliam  venit.     Hie  vasto  rex  Aeolus  antro 
luctantes  ventos  tempestatesque  sonoras 
imperio  preniit  ac  vinclis  et  careere  frenat^,^ 
Illi  indignantes  niagno  cum  murmure  montis  55 

cireum  claustra  f remunt :  celsa  sedet  Aeolus  arce 
sceptra  tenens,  mollitque  animos  et  temperat  iras  : 
ni  faciat,  maria  ae  terras  caelunique  profundum 
quippe  ferant  ra^idJL  secum  verrantque  per  auras : 
sed  pater  omnipotens  speluneis  abdidit  atris  60 

hoe  metuens,  molemque  et  montes  insuper  altos 
imposuit,  regemque  dedit,  qui  foedere  certo 


4  AENEIDOS. 

et  premere  et  laxas  sciret  dare(  iussus  habenas. 
Ad  quern  turn  luno  supj^ex  his  vocibus  usa^st : 

'Aeole,  nam  que  tibi  divum  pater  atque  hominum 
rex  65 

et  muTcere  dedit  fluctus  et  tollere  vento, 
gens  iniinjiia  mihi  Tyrrhenum  navigat  aequor, 
Ilium  m  Italiam  portans  victosque  Penates : 
incute  vim  ventis  submersasqile  obrue  puppes, 
aut  age  di  versos  et  disice  corpora  ponto.  70 

Sunt  mihi  bis  septem  praestanti  corpore  nymphae, 
quarum,  quae  forma  pulcherrima  Deiopea, 
conubio  iungam  stabili  propriamque  dicabo,- 
omnis  ut  tecum  meritis  pro  talibus  annos  y 

exigat  et  pulchra  faciat  te  prole  parentem.  75 

^        Aeolus  haec  contra  :   '  Tuns,  o  regina,  quid  optes, 
^^"explorare  labor ;  mihi  iussa  capessere  fas  est. 

Tu  mihi  quodcumque  hoc  regni,  tu  sceptra  lovemque 
concilias,  tu  das  epulis  accumbere  divum, 
nimborumque  facis  tempestatumque  potentem.'      80 

Haec  ubi  dicta,  cavnm  conversa  cuspide  montem 
impulit  in  latus  :  ac  venti,  velut  agmine  facto, 
qua  data  porta,  ruunt  et  terras  turbine  perflant. 
Incubuere  mari,  totumqne  a  sedibus  imis 
una  Eurusque  Notusque  ruunt  creberque  procellis  85 
Africus,  et  vastos  volvunt  ad  litora  fluctus. 
Insequitur  clamorque  virum  stridorque  rudentum. 
Eripiunt  subito  nubes  caelumque  diemque 
Teucrorum  ex  oculis ;  ponto  nox  incubat  atra. 


Intonuere  poll  et  crebris  micat  ignibus  aether,       90 
praesentemque  viris  intentant  omnia  mortem. 
Extemplo  Aeneae  solvimtur  frigore  membra ; 
ingemit,  et  duplices  teiidens  ad  sidera  palmas 
talia  voce  revert :  '  0  terque  quaterque  beati, 
quis  ante  ora  pdtrum  Troiae  sub  moenibus  altis     95 
contigit  oppet^'e  '  o  Danaiim  f orfcssime  geutis 
TydidjeJ  inejie  IIi£  cis  occumbere  campis 
non  potuiss'e  tiiaque  anifenam  banc  effundere  dextra, , 
saevus  ubi  lAeacijdae  telo  iacet\Hector,  i^biJngenslC^  f 
Sarpelflon,  ubi\tot  Simdjis  coiy-epta  snb  undis  100 

scuta  virum  gal^sque  eii  f or {;ia^ corpora Wolvit ! '   .^ 
■^  Talia  iactanti^stridens ' Aquilonejppocella 
velum  acJver^ferit,  fluctusque  ad  sidera  tollit : 
f rangun^ur  remi ;  turn  prOri  ajv^ertit  etj  undis         104 
dat  latus  2  insequitur  cumiilo  prae^uptus  aquae  mons. 
Hi  summer  in  fluctu  pendent ;  his  unda  dehiscens  v 
terrjtm  inter  fluctus  aperit :  furit  aestus  h^renis. 
Tris  Notusfabreptas  inJsaxa  l£fcentia\torquet ; 
—  saxa  vocant  Itali  medii§^_c[uae  in  flvictibus|^?-as, — 
dorsum  immane  mari  summo ;  tres  Eurus  ab  alto.  ^ 
in  brevia  et^  syrtis  urget,  miserabile  visu,  m 

inliditque  vadis  atque  aggere  cingit  harenae. 
Unam,\quae  Lycios  lidumque  vehebat  Oronten, 
ipsius  ante  oculos  ingens  a  vertice  pontus 
in  pu];4^im  ferit :  excutitur  prohusque  magi.ster  115 
volvitur  in  cabut ;  ast'  illam  ter  fluctus  ibidem 
torquet   agens    circum,    et   rapidus   vorat   aequore 
vortex. 


am*,^ 


m 


A) 

6  ,  AENEIDOS. 

Aclparent  rari  naiites  in  gurgite  vasto, 
arma  virum  tabulaeque  et  Troia  gaza  per  undas. 
lam  validaiu  ijliiaiiei^navein,  iam  fortis  Achatae,  120 
et  qua  vectus  Abas,  et  qua  grandaevus  Aletes, 
vicit  hiems  f  laxis  lateruni  compagibus  omnes 
accipiunt  inimicum  imbrem  riniisque  fatiscunt. 

Neptune  scolds  the  winds  and  allays  the  storm. 

Interea  magno  misceri  murmure  pontum 
emissamqu'ti  liiemem  sensit  Neptunus  et  imis        125 
stagna  refusa  vadis,  graviter  commotus  ;  et  alto 
prospiciens  summa  placidum  caput  extulit  unda.        ^j^ 
Disiectad^  Aeneae  toto  videt  aequore  classem, 
fluctibus  oppresses  Troas  caelique  ruina : 
nee  latuere  doli  fratrem  lunonis  et  irae.  130    •'' 

Euf"mn    ad    se    Zephyrumque   vocat,    deliinc   talia 
f atur : 
'  Tantane  vos  generis  tenuit  fiducia  vestri  ?    3^ 
iam  caelu^i  terramqile  meo  sine  numine,  venti, 
miscere,  et  tantas  audetis  toUere  moles  ?  134 

'~quos  ego  —  sed  motos  praestat  componere  iluctus  iVy 
post  mihi  non  simili  poena  commissa  luetis.  \\ 

Maturate  fugam,  regiqi^  haec  dicite  vestro : 
non  illVimperium  pelagi  saevumque  tridentem, 
sed  mihi  sorte  datum.     Tenet  ille  immania  saxa, 
vestras,  Eure,  domos ;  ilia  se  iactet  in  aula  140 

Aeolus  et  clauso  Ventorum  carcere  regnet.' 
Sic  ait,  et  dicto  citius  tumid^  aequora  placat, 


Vjy      LIBER  I.  7 

collectasque  fugat  nubes  solemque  reducit. 
Cymothoe  siniul  et  Triton  adnixus  acuto 
detrudunt  navis  scopulo ;  Tevat  ipse  tridenti         145 
et  vastas  ^aperit  syrtis  et  temperat  aeqiior, 
atque  rotis  siimmas  levibus  perlabitur  undas. 

^  Ac  veluti  magna  in  populo  cum  saepe  coorta  est 
seditio,  saevitqufe  animis  ignobile  volgus, 
iamque  faces  et  saxa  volant,  f6.ror  arma  ministrat 
turn  pietate  gray^  ac  meritis  si  forte  virum  quern 

"^-6onspexere,  silent  arrectisque~auribus  adstant; 
ille  regit  dictis  animos,  et  pectora  mulcet : 
sic  cunctus  pelagi  cecidit  frag^r,  aequora  postquam 
prospiciens  genitor  caeloque  invectus  aperto  '^'^  155 
flectit  equos  curruque  voj^ns  dat  lora  secundo.  >^^^  .. 

The  Trojans  land  in  a  sheltered  spot  and  prepare  a  meal. 

Defessi  Aeneadae,  quae  proxima  litora,  cursu 
contendunt  petere,  et  Libyae  vertuntur  ad  oras. 
Est  in  s'ecessu  longo  locus  :  insula  portum 
efficit  obiectu  laterum,  quibus  omnis  ab  alto         160 
frangitur  inque  sinus  scmdit  sese  unda  redudtos. 
Hinc  atque  liinc  vastae  rupes  geminique  minantur 
in  caelum  scopuli,  quorum  sub  vertice  late 
aequora  tuta  silent :  tum  silvis  scaena  coruscis     164 
'    desuper  horrentique  atrum  nemus  imminet  umbra;     - 
fronte  sub  adversa  scopulis  pendentibus  antrum, 
intus  aquae  dulces  vivoque  sedilia  saxp, 
nympliarum  domus  :  liic  f^ssas  non  vincula  navis    '.3-^ 


8  AENEIDOS. 

ulla  tenent,  uiipo  non  allfgat  ancora  morsu. 
Hue  septWn  Aeneas  collectis  navibus  omni  170 

ex  numqro  subit ;  ac  magno  telluris  amore 
5^y^e^>^s^J^ptata  potiuiitur  Troes  harena 
et  sale  tabentis  artus  iji  litore  poniint. 

Ac  pmnuin  silmi  scmTipStt  exlcudit  Achates  1 

suscepitque  ignem  loliis  atqui^  arida  circum  175 

nntrimenta  dedit  rapuitc[U^  in  fomite  flammam. 
•Tum,  Cererem  corruptato  undis  Cerealiaque.arma 
■^'^"^expediunt  fessi  rerum,  frugesque  receptas 

et  torrere  parant  flammis  et  frangere  saxo.  179 

Aeneas  sees  and  shoots  seven  stags,  and  encourages  his  comrades, 
who  roast  venison,  and  after  eating  it  beicail  those  loho  had 
been  lost. 

Aeneas  scopuhmi  interea  conscendit  et  omnem 
prospectum  late  pelago  petit,  Anthea  si  quern 
iactatum  vento  videat  Phrygiasque  biremis 
aut  Capyn  aut  celsis  in  puppibus  arma  Caici. 
Nav^si  in  conspectu  nullain^tris  litore  cervos 
prospicit  errantis  ;  hos  torn  armenta  sequuntur    185 
a  tergV  et  longum  per  vallis  pascitur  agmen.  ^^^. 
Constitit  hie,  arcumque  manu  eeleresque  sagittas 
corripuit,  [hdus  quae  tela  gerebat  Achates], 
ductoresqii^  ipsos  primum,  capita  alta  ferentis 
cornibus  arboreis,  sternit ;  tum  volgus,  et  omnem  190 
miseet  agens  telis  nemo  A  inter  frondea  turbam ; 
nee  prius  absistit,  quam  septum  ingentia  victor 


LIBER  I.  9 

corpora   fiindat   liumi   et   numeriim    cum   navibus 

aequett 
Hmc  portum  ;^etit,  ,et  s'bcios  partitur  in  omnis.      ^  , 
"Vlna  bonus  quae  deiride  cadis  onerarat  Acestes    195 
litore  Trinacrio  dederatqu^  abeuntibns  heros, 
dividit  et  dictis  maerentia  pectora  mulcet : 
'  0  socii,  neque  enim  ignari  sumus  ante  malorum, 
D  passi  graviora,  dabit  deus  his  quoque  linem. 
\Vos  et  Scyllaeam  rabiem  penitusque  sonantis       200 
accestis  scopulos,  vos  et  Cj^clopea  saxa 
experti :  revocate  animos,  maestumque  timorem 
mittite ;  forsan  et  haec  olim  meminisse  iuvabit. 
Per  varios  casus,  per  tot  discrimina  rerum 
tendimus  in  Latiuni,  sedes  ubi  fata  quietas  205 

ostendunt ;  illic  fas  regna  resurgere  Troiae. 
Durat^  et  vosmet  rebus  servate  secundis.' 

Talia  voce  refert,  curisque  ingentibus  aeger         ,  / 
spem  voltu  simulat,  premit  altum  corde  dolorem.-y/ 
Illi  se  praedae  accingunt  dapibusque  futuris :       210 
tergora  deripiunt  costis  et  viscera  nudant, 
pars  in  frusta  secant  veribusque  trementia  figunt,    ^^ 
litor^.  aena  locant  alii  flammasque  ministrant. 
Turn  victu  revocant  vires,  fusique  per  herbam  » 

implentur  veteris  Bacchi  pinguisque  ferinae.  "^  ^^15 
Postquaki  exempta  fames  epulis, mensaeque  reniotaeX 
amis  SOS  lohgo  socios  sermone  requirunt 
spemque  metumque  inter  dubii,  seu  vivere  credant 
sive  extrema  pati  nee  ram  exaudire  vocatos. 


10  AEN  FIDOS. 

Praecipue  plus  Aeneas  nunc  acris  Oronti,  220 

nunc  Amyci  casum  gemit  et  crudelia  secum 
fata  Lyci  fortemque  Gyan  fortemque  Cloantluim. 

The  scene  changes.     Venus  implores  Jujnter  to  hefriend  her 

Trojans. 

Et  iam  finis  erat,  cum  luppiter  aethere  summo ' 
despiciens  mare  velivolum  terrasque  iacentis    .^^j^..^ 
litoraque  et  latos  populos,  sic  vertice  caeli  225 

constitit  et  Libyae  defixit  lumina  regnis. 
Atque  ilium  talis  iactantem  pectore  curas 
tristior  et  lacrijnis  oculos  suffusa  nitentis 
adloquitur  Venus :  '  0  qui  res  liominumque  de  urn  que 
aeterpis  regi^iiiperiis  et  fuliiHne  terres,  230 

quid  mens  Aeneas  in  te  committere  tantum, 
quid  Troes  potuere,  quibus  tot  funera  passis 
cunctus  ob  Italian!  terrarum  clauditur  orbis  ^ 
Cerfce  hinc  Ronianos  olim,  volventibus  annis, 
hinc  fore  ductores  revocafb^a  sanguine  Teucri,      235 
qui  mare,  qui  terras  omni  dicione  tenerent, 
l)ollicitus  :  quae  te,  genitor,  sententia  vertit  ? 
Hoc  equide\i  occasum  Troiae  tristisque  ruinas 
solabar,  fatis  contraria  fata  rependens ; 
nunc  eadem  fortuna  viros  tot  casibus  actos  240 

insequitur.     Queni  daS  finem,  rex  magne,  laborum?^' 
Antenor  potuit  mediis  elapsus  Achivis 
Illyricos  penetrare  sinus  atqu>^intima  tutus 
regna  Liburnoruin  et  fontem  superare  Timavi, 


LIBER  I.  11 

uncle  joer  gra  novem  vasto  cum  murmure  montis  245; 
it  mare  proruptii^  et  pelago  premit  arva  sonanti.   . 
Hie  tamen  ille  urbem  Patavi  sedesque  locavit 
TeucrontKi,  et  genti  nomen  dedit  armaque  fixit    ^ 
Troia,  nunc  placida  comp.QS±iis  pace  quiescit :  v^  -    ^ 
nos,  tua  progenies,  caeli  quibus  adnuis  arcem,      250' 
navibus,  infanduniX  amissis,  uniu^luram 
prodimur  atque  Italis  longe  disiungimur  oris. 
Hie  pietatis  honos  ?  sic  nos  in  sceptra  reponi^-?.' .  / 

Jupiter  reassures  her ;  the  future  destinies  of  (1)  Laviinum,. 
(2)  Alba  Longa,  culminating  in  (3)  Rome.  ^^^' 

Olli  subridens  liommum  sator  atque  deorum 
voltu,  quo  caelum  tempestatesque  serenat,  255, 

oscula  libavit  natae,  dehiuc  talia  fatur  :         ^^ 
'  Parce  metu,  Cy therea :  manent  immota  tuoru«a> 
fata  tibi ;  cernes  urbeni  et  promissa  Lavini 
moenia,  sublimemque  feres  ad  sidera  caeli  259. 

magnanimu^KAenean ;  neque  me  sententia  vertit. 
Hie  tibi,  —  fabor  enim,  q'n^ndo  haec  te  cura  remor- 

det,      L>...^^-^-<'^^^^'*-^ 
longius  et  volvena  fatorm^arcana  movebo,  — 

belluiii  ingens  geret  Italia  populosque  feroces 

contundet,  moresque  viris  et  moenia  ponet, 

tertia  dura  Latio  regnantem  viderit  aestas  265, 

ternaque  transierint  Rutulis  hiberna  subactis. 

At  puer  Ascanius,  cui  nunc  cognomen  lulo 

additur,  —  Ilus  erat,  dum  res  stetit  Ilia  regno,  — 


S 


12  AENEIBOS. 

triginta  magnos  volvendis  mensibus  orbis 
imperio  explebit,  regniimque  ab  sede  Lavini         270 
transferet,  et  Loiigam  multa  vi  muniet  Albania 
Hie  iam  ter  centum  totos  regnabitur  annos 
gente  sub  Hectorea,  donee  regina  saeerdos 
Marte  gravis  geminam  partu  dabit  Ilia  prolem. 
Inde  lupae  fulvo  nutricis  tegmine  laetus  275 

Eomulus  exeipiet  gente m,  et  Mavortia  condet 
moenia  Eomanosque  suo^de  nomine  dicet. 
His  ego  nee  metas  rerum  nee  tempora  pono ;  .; 

imperium  sine  fine  ded.i.     Quin  aspera  luno,         279 
quae  mare  nunc  terrasque  metu  caelumque  fatigat,V 
consilia  in  melius  referet,  mecumque  fovebit    ^.    . 
Komanos,  rerum  dominos,  gentemque  togatam.'^u.  ,  ' 
Sic  placitum.     A^eniet  lustris  labentibus  aetas, 
cum  domus  Assaraci  Phthiam  clarasque  Mycenas 
servitio  premet  ac  yictis  dominabitur  Argis.  285 

Nascetur  pulclira  Troianus  origine  Caesar, 
imperium  Oceano,  famam  qui  terminet  astris, 
lulius,  a  magno  demissum  nomen  lulo.  ,^\^       ■ 
Hunc  tu  olim  caelo,  spoliis  Orientis  onustum, 
accipips  s'^iira ;  vocabitur  hie  quoque"  votis.  290 

Aspera  turn  positis  mitescent  saecula  bellis  ; 
cana  Fides  et  Vesta,  Eemo  cum  fratre  Quirinus 
iura  dabunt ;  dirae  f erro_^t  compagibus  artis 
claudentur  Belli  portae  ;  Furor  impius  intus 
saeva  sedens  supfer  arma*et  ceiifuin  vvhdtus^Wnis  295 
post  tergum  nodis,  fremet  liorridus  ore  cruento.' 


-7    aI-*^''  ^^  ^' 


\.  V 


ii^^i?  I.  13 


Mercury  is  sent  doion  to  influence  Dido,  Queen  of  Carthage,  so- 
us to  v)elcoine  Aeneas. 

Haec  ait,  et  Maia  genitum  demittit  ab  alto, 
lit  terrae  utque  novae  pateant  Karthaginis  arces 
hospitio  Teucris,  ne  fati  nescia  Dido 
finibus  arc^e^.     Yolati  ille  per  aera  magnum         300 
remigi^  alariini,  ac  Libyae  citus  astitit  oris. 
Et  iam  iussa  facit,  ponuntque  ferocia  Poeni 
corda  volente  deo ;  in  primis  regina  quietum 
iccipit  in  Teucros  animum  mentemque  benignam. 

Aeneas  in  the  morning,  leaving  his  fleet  secreted,  explores  the 
country  and  meets  his  mother  Venus,  loho  tells  him  the 
whole  story  of  Dido. 

At  pius  Aeneas,  per  noctem  plurima  volvens,    305 
ut  primum  lux  alma  data  est,  exire  locosque 
explorare  novos,  quas  ventd^  accesserit  oras, 
qui   teneant,  —  nara    inculta    videt,  —  hominesne 

_feraene, 
quaerefe  constituit  sociisque  exacta  referre.  (cui»^''^^ 

Classei^  in  convexo  nemorum  sub  rupe  cavata      310   "^"^-^rZ^ 
arboribus  clausam  circi^  atqi^  horrentibus  umbris 
occulit ;  ips^  uno  graditur  comitatus  Achate, 
bina  manu  lato  crispans  hastilia  ferro.        ^ 
Cui  mater  media  sese  tulit  obvia  silva, 
virginis  os  habitumque  gerens  et  virginis  arma,    315 
Spartanae,  V^l  qualis  equos  Threi'ssa  fatigat 
Harpalyce  voliicremque  fuga  praevertitur  Hebrum. 


^ruJ:^^X^^^^ 


c.^ 


14  AENEIDOS. 

ISTamqu^  umeris  de  more  habilem  suspenderat  arciini 
venatrix,  dederatque  comam  diffundere  ventis, 
^o^     nuda  genu  nodoque  sinus  collecta  fluentis.  320 

^Ac  prior  '  Heus  ! '  inquit,  '  iuvenes,  monstrate,  me- 
arum 
vidistis  si  quam  hie  errantem  forte  sororum, 
succinctam  pharetra/,  et  maculoso  tegmine  lyncis 
aut  spumantis  apri  cursum  clamore  prementem.'  ^ 
Sic  Venus,  et  Veneris  contra  sic  filius  orsus  :     325 
*  Nulla  tuaruj^  audita  niilii  neque  visa  sororum, 
o  —  quam  te  memorem,  virgo  ?    namon/e  haud  tibi 
voltus 
>.  mortalis,  nee  vox  hominem  sonat ;  o  dea  certe, 
an  Phoebi  soror  ?  an  nympharum  sanguinis  una  ? 
Sis  felix,  nostrumque  leves  quaecumque  laborem, 
et,  quo  sub  caelo  tandqm,  quibus  orbis  in  oris       331  ^|> 
iactemur,  doceas  ;  ignai"-;  homiiiumque  Ibcorumque 
erramus,  vento  hue  vastis  et  fiuctibus  acti :       /^ 
multa  tibif  ant^  aras  nostra  cadet  hostia  dextra.' 

Dido  had  fled  from  Tyre  to  escape  from  the  tyranny  of  her 
brother  Pygmalion,  loho  had  murdered  her  husband 
Sychaeus. 

Tum  Venus :     '  Haud   equidem   tali   me   dignor 
honore ;  335 

virginibus  Tyriis  mos  est  gestare  pharetram 
purpureoq\*  alte  suras  vincire  cothuruo. 
Punica  regna  vides,  Tyrios  et  Agenoris  urbem ; 


LIBER   I.  15 

sed  fines  Libyci,  genus  intractabile  bello. 
Imperium  Dido  Tyria  regit  urbe  profecta,  340 

germanum  fugiens.     Longit  est  iniuria,  longae 
ambages ;  sed  summa  sequar  fastigia  rerum. 
Huic  coniunx  Sycliaeus  erat,  ditissimus  agri 
Plioenicikii,  et  magno  miserae  dilectus  amore/\^ 
cui  pater  intactam.  dederat  primisque  iugarat    (   345 
omiuibus.     Sed  regna  Tyri  germanus  liabebat    / 
Pygmalion,  sceler^  antX  alios  immanior  omnis. 
Quos  inter  medius  venit  furor.     Ille  Sycliaeum 
impius  ant\aras  atqu'te  auri  caecus  amore  -''"t 

clam  ferr^  incautum  superat.  securus  amorum       350. 
germanae  ;  factumque  diu  celavit,  et  aegram  , 

multa.  mains  simulans  vana  spe  lusit  amantem-f^r^- 
Ipsa  sed  in  somnis  inhumati  venit  imago 
coniugis,  ora  modis  attollens  pallida  miris  ; 
crndelis  aras  traiectaque  pectora  ferro  355 

nudavit,  caecumque  domus  scelusomne  retexit.    ^A 
Tum  celerare  fugam  patriaqu^  excedere  suadet, 
auxiliumque  viae  veteres  tellure  recludit 
thesauros,  ignotui^  argenti  pondus  et  anri. 
His  commota  fugam  Dido  sociosqne  parabat.         360 
Conveniunt,  qnibus  aut  odium  crudele  tyranni 
aut  metus  acer  erat ;  navis,  quae  forte  paratae, 
corripiunt  onerantqiJPe  auro.     Portantur  avari 
PygmalioDis  opes  pelago  ;  dux  femina  facti. 
Devenere  locos,  ubi  nunc  ingentia  cernis  365 

moenia  surgentemque  novae  Karthaginis  arcem, 


16  AENEIDOS. 

mercatique  solum,  facti  de  nomine  Byrsam, 
taurino  quantum  possent  circUmdare  tergo. 
Sed  vos  qui  tandem,  quibus  aut  venistis  ab  oris, 
quove  tenetis  iter  ? '     Quaerenti  talibus  ille  370 

suspirans  imoque  trahens  a  pectore  vocem : 

Aeneas  tells  Venus  who  he  is ;  she  tells  him  that  his  comrades 
are  safe,  confirming  it  by  an  omen  of  swans ;  she  reveals 
herself  to  him,  and  departs  to  Paphos. 

'  0  dea,  si  prima  repetens  ab  ongine  pergam, 
et  vacet  annalis  nostrorUm  audire  laborum, 
ante  diem  clauso  componet  Vesper  Olympo. 
Nos  Troia  antiqua,  si  vestras  forte  per  auris         375 
Troiae  nomen  iit,  diversa  per  aequora  vectos 
forte  sua  Libycis  tempestas  adpulit  oris. 
Sum  pius  Aeneas,  raptos  qii\ex  hoste  Penates 
classe  veho  mecum,  fama  super  aetbera  notus. 
Italiam  quaero  patri^^i  et  genus  ab  love  summo.  3S0 
Bis  denis  Phrygium  coiiscendi  navibus  aequor 
matre  dea  monstrante  viam,  data  fata  secutus  ; 
vix  septem  convols^  undis  Euroque  supersunt. 
Ips^  ignotus,  egens,  Libyae  deserta  peragro, 
Euroj)a  atqii^^  Asia  pulsus.'     Nee  plura  querentem 
passa  Venus  medio  sic  interfata  dolopi^  est :  386 

'Quisquis    es,    baud,   credo,    invisus    caelestibus 
auras  I 

vitalis  carpis,  Tyriam  qui  adveneris  urbem. 
Perge  modb,  atqit^  hinc  te  regin^  ad  limina  perfer  : 


LIBER  I.  17 

nam  que  tibi  reduces  socios  classemqiie  relatam    390 
nuntio  et  in  tutum  ver^^  ^^  Aquilonibus  actam, 
ni  frustrj^/' augurium  vani  av,';*.uere  parentes.    '• 
Aspice  bis  senos  laetantis  agmine  cycnos, 
aetheria  quos  lapsa  plaga  lovis  ales  aperto 
turbabat  caelo  ;  nunc  terras  ordine  longo  395 

aut  caper^  ant  captas  iam  despectare  videntur : 
ut  reduces  illi  ludunt  stridentibus  alis 
et  coetu  cinxere  polum  cantusque  dedere, 
baud  aliter  puppesque  tuae  pubesque  tuorum 
aut  portum  tenet  aut  pleno  subit  ostia  velo.  400 

Perge  niod(i''  et,  qua  te  ducit  via,  dirige  gressum.' 

Dixit,  et  avertens  rosea  cervice  refulsit, 
ambrosiaeque  comae  divmum  vertic^  odorem 
spiravere  ;  —  pedes  vestis  defluxit  ad  imos  :  — 
et  vei;^'  incessu  patuit  clea.     111^  ubi  matrem         405 
agnovit,  tali  fugiente^  est  voce  secutus  : 
'  Quid  natum  totiens,  crudelis  tu  quoque,  falsis 
ludis  imaginibus  ?  cur  dextrae  iungere  dextram 
non  datur,  ac  veras  audir^  et  reddere  voces  ? ' 
Talibus  incusat,  gressumqu^  ad  moenia  tendit.      410 
At  Yenus  obscuro  gradientis  aere  saepsit, 
et  multo  nebulae  circum  dea  fudit  amictu, 
cernere  ne  quis  eos  neu  quis  contingere  posset 
molirive  morai^^i  aut  veniendi  poscere  causas. 
Ipsa  Paphum  sublimis  abit,  sedesque  revisit         415 
laeta  suas,  ubi  templmn  illi,  centumque  Sabaeo 
ture  calent  arae  sertisqiie  recentibus  halant.  .  > 

^1 


18  AEN  FIDOS. 


Aeneas  and  Achates,  concealed  &?//oO  '*^  enter  the  city  and  see 
the  people  as  busy  a-l^c-     ^^^  early  summer. 

r 

Corripuere  viaiij^  interea.  qua  semita  monstrat : 
iamqu^jj-scendebaiit  collem,  qui  plurimus  urbi 
iinmiiiet  adversasqu£_aspectat  clesu^:)er  arces.        420 
Miratur  moleni^eneas,  inagalia  quondam, 
miratur  portas  strepitumquejgt  strata  viarum.  ,^ 
^feSb  ardentes  Tyrii :  pars  ducere  muros 
moliriquB-arcein.et  manibus  subvolvere  saxa, 
pars  optare  locum  tectQ^t  concludere  sulco.  425 

[iura  magistratusque  legunt  sanctum  que  senatum.] 
ft      Hie  portus  alii^^'odiunt;  hie  lata  theatris 
f undamenta  petunt  alii^immanesque  columnas 
nipibus  eicidunt,  scaenis  decor^t^lta  f  uturis  : 
qualis  apes  aestate  nova  per  florea  rura  430 

w-'s.'w  exei'cet  sub  sole  labor,  cum  gentis  adultos 
"1^     educunt  fetus,  aut  cum  liquentia  mella 
A     stipant  et  dulci  distendunt  nectare  cellas,  ^ 

aut  onera^ccipiunt  venientunij^ut  agmine  facto 
ignavum  fucos  pecus  a  praesepibus  areent ;  v'^^'^^3^ 
tovet  opus,  redolentque  tliymo  fragrantia  mella. 
*  0  fortunati,  quorum  iam  moenia  surgunt ! ' 
Aeneas  ait,  et  fastisria  suspicit  urbis.  .   \  ^ 

Inf ert  se  saeptus  nebula  (mirabile  dietu)  V^  "^ 
per  medios  miscetque  viris,  neque  cernitur  ulli.    440 


fe 


«-.• 


LIBER   I.  19 


Aeneas  enters  a  grove  ichere  a  temple  is  in  building  to  Juno,  in 
ichich  he  recognises  well  knoion  incidents  of  the  Trojan 
IV  ar. 


.-r 


^^ 


450 


Lucus  ill  urbe  fuit  media,  laetissimiis  umbrae,       jf     '  jj 
quo  pnmuin  iact^i^inclis  et  turbine~Pbeni         K^    ^  tr^ 
effodere  loeo  signum,  quod  regia  luno  Vn^  V'^  ^T'' 

monstrarat,  caput  acris  equi :  sic  nam  forg  bello  ^y  ^''-' 
egregiam^t  facilem  victu  per  saecula  gentem.      '^45 
Hie  templum  lunonijiigens  Sidonia  Dido 
condebat,  donis  opulentuiii,^t  iiuraine  divae, 
aerea  cui  gradibus  surgebant  limina  nexaeque 
aefe  frabes,  foribus  cardo  stridebat  .aenis. 
Hoc  primuuTLin  luco  nova  res  oblata  timorem 
Teniit/  liic  primun^Jleneas  sperare  salutem 
ausus  et  adflictis  melius  conlidere  rebus. 
IN'amque  sub  ijigenti  lustrat  auin  singula  templo 
reginanL^p'][5eriehs,  dum,  quae  fortuna  sit  urbi, 
artiticumque  manus  inter  se  operumque  laborem  455 
miratur,  videt  Iliacas  exordine  pugnas 
bellaque  iam  fama  totum  volgata  per  orbem, 
Atridas  Priamumqu&«£t  saevuni.anibobus  Achillen. 
Constitit,    et   lacrimans    'Quis    iam   locus/   inquit, 

^  Achate, 
quae  regio  in  terris  nostri  non  plena  laboris  ?        460     „  jjj< 
En  Priamus.     Sunt  liic  etiam  sua  praemia  laudi ; 
sunt  lacrimae  reruinjet  mentem  mortalia  tangunt. 
Solve  metus ;  feret  haec  aliquam  tibi  fama  salutem.' 
Sic  ait,  atque__aiiimum  pictura  pascit  inani,      .,jwa-X>^ 


^  I 


20  AENEIDOS. 

niiilta  gemens,  laygoqiieji mectat  fiumine  voltum.  465 
Nam  que  videbat,  unbellantes  Fergama  circum 
hac  fugerent  Grai,  premeret  Troiana  inventus ; 
hac  Phryges,4nstaret  curru  cristatus  Achilles. 
Nee  procul  hinc  E,hesi  niveis  tentoi'ii^ivel^s    ^ ^ 
agnoscit  lacrimans,  primo  quae  prodita  somno      470 
Tydkles  multa  vastabat  gaede  cruentus, 
ardencisque  avertit  equos  in  castra,  priusquam 
pabula  gustassent  Troiae  Xanthumque  bibissent. 
Parte  alia  fu^ens  ami^is  Txoilu^rmis 
infelix  puer  atqu^inpar  cbiigressus  Achilli,  475 

fertur  equis  curruqits^  haeret  resupihus  inani, 
lora  tenens  tamen;    huic  cervixque  comaeque  tra- 

huntur  jj 

per  terrlTOTT-et  versa  pulvis  inscribitur  hasta. /J/ 
Intere^^L^d  templum  non  aeguae  Palladis  ibant* 
crinibus  Iliades  passis  pe;^jlunique  ferebant,  480 

suppliciter  tristes  et  tunsae  pectora  palmis: 
diva  solo  fixos  oculos  aversa  tenebat. 
Ter  circihu.  Iliacos  raptaverat  Hectgra  muros 
exanimumqi>^  auro  corpus  vendebat  Acliilles. 
Turn  ver)s  ingentem  gemitum  dat  pectoiAjib  inio,  485 
ut  spoli^,  ut  currus,  utqu's  ipsum  corpus  amici 
tendentemque  manus  Priamum  conspexit  inermes. 
Se  quoque  principibus  permixtuin  agnovit  Acliivis, 
Eoasqu^^cies  et  nigriMemnonis_at'ma. 
Ducit  Amazoniduin  lunatis  agmina  peltis  490 

Penthesilea  furens  mediisqu\in  milibus  ardet, 


LIBER  I.  21 

aurea  subnectens  exsertae  cingula  mammae, 
bellatrix,  audetqiie  viris  concurrere  virgo. 

Dido  enters  the  temple ;  Aeneas  sees  the  comrades,  loho,  as  he 

thought,  were  lost. 

Haec  dum  Dardanils^  Aeneae  miranda  videntur, 
dum  stupet  obtutuqu^  haeret  defixus  in  imo,         495 
regin?vad  templum,  forma  pulcherrima  Dido, 
incessit  magna  iuvenum  stipante  caterva.     J^ 
/Qiialis  in  Eurotae  ripis  aut  per  iiiga  Cynthi 
exercet  Diana  choros,  quam  mille  secutae  499 

hinc  atqu\hinc  gloi^fantur  Oreades;  ilia  phare- 

tram  .,.,..o3iiJ=»' 

fert  umero,  gradiensque  deas  siipereminet  omnis ; 

—  Latonae  taciturn  pertemptant  ga\yiia  p^tus  ;  — 

talis  erat  Dido,  "CSli^ii  se  laeta  ferebat 

per  medios,  instans  operi  regnisque  futuris. 

Tum  foribus  divae,  media  testudine  templi,  505 

saep1^  armis  solioqu'y^  alte  subnixa  resedit. 

lura  dabat  legesque  viris,  operumque  laborem 

partibus  aequabat  instis  aut  sorte  traliebat, 

cum  subit\^  Aeneas  concur^  accedere  magno  ' 

Anthea  Sergestumque  videt  fortemque  Cloanthum  ff'^ 

Teucrorumqu\  alios,  ater  quos  aeqiiore  turbo  JU^iCk/^vJ 
^-dispulerat  penitusqu^  alias  avexerat  oras.  ^-^  ~Y^r^^M^^ 
•  Obstipuit  simul  ipse,  simul  percussus  Achates 

laetitiaque  metuqu\:  avidi  coniungere  dextras 

ardebant,  sed  res  animos  incognita  turbat.  515 


22  AENEIBOS. 


,f  0 


Dissimiilant,  et  nube  cava  speculantur  amicti, 
quae  fortuna  viris,  classem  quo  litore  liiiquant,^ 
quid  veniaut :  cunctis  nam  lecti  navibus  ibant 
orantes  veui^,  et  templum  clamore  petebant.     -519 

Ilioneus,  as  their  spokesman,   bec/s  for  permission  to  rebuild 
their  ships,  and  sail  to  Sicily  or  Italy. 

Postqua^  introgres^  et  coram  data  copia  fandi, 
maximus  Ilioneus  placido  sic  pectore  coepit : 
'  0  regina,  novam  cui  condere  luppiter  urbem 
iustitiaque  dedit  gentis  frenare  superbas, 
Troes  te  miseri,  ventis  marik  omnia  vecti, 
oramus  :  prohibfe  infandos  a  navibus  ignis,  525 

parce  i^io  gener\.  et  propius  res  aspice  nostras. 
Ngn  nos  aut  ferro  Libycos  po^ilare  Penatis^>4  jj  V 

~     venimus,  aut  raptas  ad  litora  vertere  praedas ; 
non  ea  vis  animo  nee  tanta  superbia  victis. 
Est  locus,  Hesperian!  Grai  cognomine  dicunt,        530 
terrk  antiqua,  potens  armis  atqUe  ubere  glaebae ; 
Oenotri  coluere  viri ;  nunc  fama  minores 
Italian!  dixisse  ducis  de  nomine  gentem. 
Hie  cursus  fuit,  / 

cum  subit^  adsurgens  fiuctu  nimbosus  Orion         535   '' 
in  vada  caeca  tulit,  penitusque  procacibus  austris 
perqufe  undas,  superante  salo,  perqu^  invia  saxa 

-^  dispulit :  hue  pauci  vestris  adnavimus  oris. 

C     Quod  genus  hoc  hominum  ?  qi;aeve  hunc  tarn  bar- 
bar  a  morem 


LIBEB  I.  23 

permittit  patria  ?  hospitio  proliibemiir  hareuae  ;  540 
bella  cient,  primacpie  vetant  consistere  terra. 
Si  genus  humaiiih^i  et  mortalia  temnitis  anna, 
at  sperate  deos  memores  fand^  atque  nefandi. 
Kex  erat  Aeneas  nobis,  quo  iustior  alter 
nee  pietate  fuit  nee  bello  maior  et  armis :  545 

quern  si  fata  virum  servant,  si  vescitur  aura 
aetlieria  neque  adhuc  crudelibus  occubat  umbris, 
non  metus.     Officio  nee  te  certasse  priorem 
paeniteat :  sunt  et  Siculis  regionibus  urbes 
armaque,  Troianoqu^  a  sanguine  clarus  Acestes.  550 
Quassatam  ventis  liceat  subducere  classem 
et  silvis  aptare  trabes  et  stringere  renios : 
si  datur  Italiam,  sociis  et  rege  recepto, 
tenderer  ut  Italiam  laeti  Latiumque  petamus ;  . 
sin  absumpta  salus,  et  te,  pater  optume  Teucrum,  555 
pontus  habet  Libyae,  nee  spes  iam  restat  luli, 
at  freta  Sicaniae  saltern  sedesque  paratas, 
unde  hue  advecti,  regemque  petamus  Acesten.' 
Talibus  Ilioneus ;  cuncti  simul  ore  fremebant 
Dardanidae.  560 

Dido  welcomes  them  and  offers  them  a  shelter. 

Tum  breviter  Dido  voltum  demissa  profatur : 
'Solvite  corde  metum,  Teucri,  secludite  curas. 
Bes  dur^^  et  regni  no  vitas  me  talia  cogunt 
moliri,  et  late  finis  custode  tu.evuj^^^^k^,^.'^ — 
Quis  genus  Aeneadum,  quis  Troiae  nesciat  urbem, 


24  AENEIBOS. 

virtutesque  virosqne  aut  tanti  incendia  belli  ?       566 
Non  obtusa  adeo  gestamus  pectora  Poeni, 
nee  tarn  aversus  equos  Tyria  Sol  iungit  ab  urbe. 
Seu  vos  Hesperian!  magnam  Saturniaque  arva 
sive  Erycis  finis  regemque  optatis  Acesten,  570 

auxilio  tutos  dimittam  opibusqne  iuvabo. 
Voltis  et  his  mecum  pariter  considere  regnis  ? 
Urbem  quam  statuo,  vestr^  est ;  subducite  navis  ;  ^ 
Tros  Tyriusque  mihi  nullo  discrimine  agetur.'  '        ^  I 
Atqub  utinam  rex  ipse  Noto  compulsus  eodem     575 
adforet  Aeneas  !  equidem  per  litora  certos 
dimittai^i  et  Libyae  lustrarfe  extrema  iubebo, 
si  qnibus  eiectus  silvis  aut  urbibus  errat/ 

Aeneas  and  Achates  become  visible :  the  beauteous  grace  of 
Aeneas,  who  thanks  Dido  for  her  geyierosity. 

His  animmn  arrecti  dictis  et  fortis  Achates 
et  pater  Aeneas  iamdndum  erumpere  nubem         580 
ardebant.     Prior  Aenean  compellat  Achates  : 
^Nate  dea,  quae  nunc  animo  sententia  surgit  ? 
Omnia  tuta  vides,  classem  sociosque  receptos : 
unus  abest,  medio  in  fluctu  quem  vidimus  ipsi 
submersum ;  dictis  respondent  cetera  matris.'       585 
Yix  ea  fatus  erat,  cum  circumfusa  repente 
scindit  se  nubes  et  in  aethera  purgat  apertum. 
Kestitit  Aeneas  claraque  in  luce  refulsit 
OS  umerosque  deo  similis;  namquei^ipsa  decoram\^'^  ' 
caesariem  nato  genetrix  lumenque  iuventae  590 


LIBER  I.       .  ,-    ;  25 

purpureum  et  laetos  oculis  adflarat  honores  : 
quale  manus  addunt  ebori  decus,  aut  nbi  flavo 
argentum  Pariusve  lapis  circumdatur  auro. 
Turn  sic  regina\n  adloquitur  cunctisque  repente 
inprovisus  ait:   'Coram,  quern  quaeritis,  adsuni    595 
Troius  Aeneas,  Libycis  ereptus  ab  undis.  • 

O  sola  infandos  Troiae  miserata  labores, 
quae  nos,  reliquias  Danaum,  terraeque  marisque 
omnibus  exliaustos  iam  casibus,  omnium  egenos 
urbe,  domo,  socias  :  grates  persolvere  dignas         600 
'non  opis  est  nostrae,  Dido,  nee  quidquid  ubique  est         / 
gentis  Dardaniae,  magnum  quae  sparsa  per  orbem.    j^J 
Di  tibi,  si  qua  pios  respectant  numina,  si  quidv^../ 
iisquam  iustitia  est  et  mens  sibijcqnScia  recti,       604 
praemia  digna  ferant.     Quae  te  tarn  laeta  tulerunt 
saecula  ?  qui  tanti  talem  genuere  parentes  ? 
in  freta  dum  fluvii  current,  dum  montibus  umbrae 
lustrabunt  convexa,  polus  dum  sidera  pascet, 
semper  lionos  nomenque  tuum  laudesque  manebunt 
quae  me  cumque  vocant  terrae.'     Sic  fatus,  amicum 
Ilionea  petit  dextra,  laevaque  Serestum,  611        {-) 

post  alios,  fortemque  G-yan  fortemque  Cloantlium.  a 

Dido  tells  Aeneas  that  she  has  heard  of  him  from  Teucer. 

Obstipuit  priniQ  aspectu  Sidonia  Dido, 
casu  deinde  f^iri  tant6,  et  sic  ore  locut^  est : 
^Quisje,  nate  dea,  per  tanta  pericula  casus  615      "^ 

insequitur  ?  quae  vis  immanibus  applicat  oris  ? 


26  AENEIDOS. 

Tune  ille  Aeneas,  quern  Dardanio  Anchisae 
alma  Venus  Plirygii  genuit  Simoentis  ad  undam  ? 
atque  equidem  Teucrum  memini  Sidona  venire 
finibus  expulsum  patriis,  nova  regna  petentem     620 
auxilio  Beli ;  genitor  turn  Belus  opimam 
vastabat  CypriW  et  victor  dicione  tenebat.  /).  '3  ^ 
Tempore  iam  ex  illo  casus  mihi  cognitus  urbis 
Troianae  nomenque  tuum  regesque  Pelasgi. 
Ipse  hostis  Teucros  insigni  laude  ferebat,  625 

seque  ortum  antiqua  Teucrorum  ab  stirpe  volebat.^ 
Quare  agite,  o  tectis,  iuvenes,  succedite  nostris. 
Me  quoque  per  multos  similis  fortuna  labores        \  ^ 
iactatam  hac  demum  voluit  consistere  terra :  ^^   y^) 
non  imara  mali  miseris  succurrere  disco.'       t/     630 


She  brings  Aeneas  into  the  palace,  and  sends  food  to  the  Trojans 

on  board. 

Sic  memorat ;  simul  Aenean  in  regia  ducit 

tecta,  simul  diviim  templis  indicit  honorem. 

Usee  minus  interea  sociis  ad  litora  mittit 

viginti  tauros,  magnoriHn  liorrentia  centum 

terga  simm,  pinguis  centum  cum  matribus  agnos,  635 

munera  laetitiamque  dii. 

At  domus  interior  regali  splendida  luxu  ^     ^    ' 

instruitur,  mediisque  parant  convivia  tectis  ; 

arte  laboratae  vestes  ostroque  superbo, 

ingens  argentum  mensis,  caelataqu^  in  auro  640 

fortia  facta  patrum,  series  longissima  rerum 

per  tot  ducta  viros  antiqusDe  ab  origine  gentis. 


LIBER   I.  27 


Achates  is  despatched  for  Ascanius,  and  ordered  to  bring  royal 

presents  for  Dido. 

Aeneas  —  neqiie  edim  patrius  consistere  mentem 
passus  amor  —  rapidii\p.  ad  navis  praemittit  Achaten, 
Ascanio  ferat  haec,  ipsumqiie  ad  moenia  ducat ;    645 
omnis  in  Ascanio  cari  stat  cura  parentis. 
Munera  praeterea  iHacis  erepta  ruinis 
ferre  iubet,  pallam  signis  auroque  rigentem 
et  circumtextam  croceo  velamen  acantho, 
ornatus  Argivae  Helenae,  quos  ilia  M;][^cenis,         650 
Pergama  cum  peteret  inconcessosqb^  hymenaeos, 
extulerat,  matris  Ledae  mirabile  donum ; 
praeterea  sceptrua^i,  Ilione  quod  gesserat  olim, 
maxima  natarum  Priami,  coUoque  monile 
bacatu^  et  duplicem  gemmis  auroque  coronam.    655 
Haec  celerans  iter  ad  navis  tendebat  Achates. 


Venus  carries  off  Ascanius  to  Idalia,  suhstituting  Cupid  for 

him. 

At  Cytherea  novas  artes,  nova  pectore  versat  , 

consilia,  ut  faciem  mutatus  et  or^^Cupido  "^    ^  \ 

pro  dulci^scanio  veniat,  donisque  furentem  Nf-'^/'^ 
incendat  regina^  atqu6,  ossibus  implicet  ignem.  660 
Quippe  domum  timet  ambiguam  Tyriosque  bilinguis ; 

urit  atrox  luito^  et  sub  nocteni  cura  recursat. '  • 

Ers^a  bis  alisrerum  dictis  adfatur  Amorem  : 
'  Xate,  meae  vires,  mea  magna  potentia  solus, 


■1 


28  AENEIDOS. 

nate,  Patris  summi  qui  tela  Typhoea  temnis,        665 
ad  te  confugiK  et  supplex  tua  numina  posco. 
Frater  ut  Aeneas  pel^go  tuus  omnia  circum 
litoraTactetur  ocuis  lunonis  acerbae, 
nota  tibi,  et  nostro  doluisti  saepe  dolore. 
Nunc  Phoenissa  tenet  Dido  blandisque  moratur  670 
vocibus ;  et  vereor,  quo  se  lunonia  vertant 
hospitia  ;  baud  tanto  cessabit  cardine  rerum.    . 
Quocirca  caperXante  dolis  et  cingere  flamma 
reginam  meditor,  ne  quo  se  nuniine  mutet, 
sed  magnb  Aeneae  mecum  teneatur  amore.  675 

Qua  facer^  id  possis,  nostram  nunc  accipe  mentem. 
Regius  accitu  cari  genitoris  ad  urbem 
Sidoniani  puer  ire  parat,  mea  maxima  cura, 
dona  ferens  pelag^  et  flammis  restantia  Troiae  ;  \ ' 
hunc  ego  sopitum^^imcusuper  alta  Cythera         680 
aut  super  Idalium  sacra.t3^  je^ip  recondam, 
ne  qua  scire  dolos  mediusv)^  occurrere  possit. 
Tu  facie/h^  illiuSjUOctem  non  amplius  unam 
falle  dolb,  et  notos  pueri  puer  indue  voltus, 
xii^  cum  te  gremi6  accipiet  laetissima  Dido  685 

regalis  inter  mensas  laticemque  Lyaeum, 
cum  dabit  amplexus  atqu^  oscula  dulcia  figet, 
occultihii  injj^ires  ignem  fallasque  veneno.' 
Paret  Amor  dictis  carae  genetricis,  et  alas 
exuit  et  gressu  gaudens  incedit  luliy .  ^  ,^^.j-         690 
At  Venus  Ascanio  placidam  per  membra  quietem 
|inrigat,  et  fotum  greniio  dea  tollit  in  altos 


'7^ 


LIBER  I.  29 

Idaliae  liicos,  ubi  mollis  amaracus  ilium 
flojibus  et  dulci,  adspirans  complectitur  umbra. 


Cupid  arrives  as  the  feast  is  heginninrj ;  he  is  fondled  by  Dido, 
ichose  heart  he  kindles  to  love. 

lamqu^bat  dicto  parens  et  dona  Cupido  695 

regia  iportabat  Tyriis,  duce  laetus  Achate. 
Cum  venit,  aulaeis  iam  se  regina  superbis 
y^  aurea  composuit  sponda  mediamque  locavit ; 
iam  pater  Aeneas  et  iam  Troiana  inventus 
conveniunt,  stratoque  super  discumbitur  ostro.     700      e^ 
Dant  maiiibu^  famuli  lymphas,  Cereremque  canisr'^ 
tris  (L.J'- 

expediunt,  tonsisque  ferunt  mantelia  villis.  ^y^-*''^ 
,  Quinquaginta  intus  famulae,  quibus  ordine  longam 
cura  penum  struer^  et  flammis  adolere  Penates ; 
centuh^  aliae^otidemque  pares  aetate  ministri,     705^ 
qui  dapibus  mensas  onerent  et  pocula  ponant.  /, 

Xec  lion  et  Tyrii  per  limiiia  laeta  frequentes 
convenere,  toris  iussi  discumbere  pictis. 
Mira'iiltiir  dolia  ATen^e,  mi/rahtur  lulum 
flagrantisque  dei  voltus  simulataque  verba  710 

pallamqu\et  pictum  croceo  velamen  acantlio.  ij,  U  -' 
1  »  Praecipue^  irifelix,  pesti  devota  futurae, 
'^     expleri  mentem  nequit  ardescitque  tuendo 
PhoenissB,,  et  pariter  puero  donisque  movetur. 
111^  ubi  comple:?^  Aeiieae  colloque  pependit         715 
et  magnum  falsi  implevit  genitoris  amorem, 


30  AENEIDOS. 

reginam  petit.     Haec  oculis,  haec  pectore  toto 
liaeret  et  interduiu  greinio  fovet,  inscia  Diclo, 
insideat  quantus  miserae  deus.     At  memor  ille 
matris  Acidaliae  paulatinyi  abolere  Sychaeum        720 
iiicipit,  et  vivo  temptat  praeverter^  ainore 
iam  pridem  resides  aiiimos  desuetaque  corda. 

The  feast  over,  Dido  makes  libations  to  Jupiter,  Bacchus,  and 
Juno,  praying  that  the  Carthaginians  and  Trojans  may  he 
linked  in  peace. 

Postquaiii  prima  quies  epulis,  mensaeqiie  remotae, 
crateros  magnos  statimnt  et  vina  coronant. 
It  strepitiis  tectis  vocemque  per  ampla  volutant  725 
atria ;  dependent  lychni  laquearibus  aureis 
incensi^  et  noctem  flammis  fnnalia  vincunt. 
Hie  regina  gravem  gemmis  auroque  poposcit 
implevitque  mero  pateram,  qiiani  Belus  et  omnes 
a  Belo  soliti ;  turn  facta  silentia  tectis  :  730 

'■  luppiter,  hospitibus  nam  te  dare  iura  loquuntnr, 
hunc  laetum  Tyriisque  diem  Troiaque  profectis 
esse  velis,  nostrosque  liuius  meminisse  minores. 
Adsit  laetitiae  Bacchus  dator  et  bona  luno ; 
et  vos,  0  coetum,  Tyrii,  celebrate  faventes.       p  735 

lopas,  the  minstrel,  chants  to  his  lyre  songs  of  astronomical 
and  physical  lore.  Ap}ylause  and  conversation.  Dido  asks 
Aeneas  for  his  story  [lohich  is  told  in  Books  II.  and  III.]. 

Dixit,  et  in  mensam  laticum  libavit  honorem, 
primaque,  libato,  summo  tenus  attigit  ore  j 


LIBER   L  31 

turn  Bitiae  dedit  increpitans  ;  ille  inpiger  hausit 

spuinaiitem  pateram  et  pleno  se  proluit  auro ; 

post  alii  proceres.     Cithara  crinitus  lopas  740 

personat  aurata,  docuit  quern  maximus  Atlas. 

Hie  caiiit  errantem  luiiam  solisque  labores ; 

unde  hominum  genus  et  pecudes ;  unde   imber  et 

ignes ; 
Arcturum  i)luviasque  Hj^adas  geminosque  Trioues, 
quid  tantum  Oceano  properent  se  tinguere  soles 
liiberni,  vel  quae  tardis  mora  noctibus  obstet.        746 
lugeminant  plausu  Tyrii,  Troesque  sequuntur. 
Nee  non  et  vario  noctem  sermone  traliebat 
infelix  Dido,  longumque  bibebat  amorem, 
multa  super  Priamo  rogitans,  super  Hectore  multa, 
nunc,  quibus  Aurorae  venisset  filius  armis,  751 

nunc,  quales  Diomedis  equi,  nunc,  quantus  Achilles. 
'  Immo  age,  et  a  prima,  die,  hospes,  origine  nobis 
insidias,'  inquit,  '  Danaum  casusque  tuorum 
erroresque  tuos  :  nam  te  iam  septima  portat         755 
omnibus  errantem  terris  et  fluctibus  aestas.' 


I>J"OTES. 


I^OTES. 


Some  poor  manuscripts  begin  with  four  ancient  but  spurious 

verses : — 

Ille  ego,  qui  quondam  gracili  modulatuB  avena 
Carmen,  et  egressus  silvis  vicina  coegi 
Ut  quamvis  avido  parerent  arva  colono, 
Gratura  opus  agiicolis:  at  nunc  horrentia  Martis. 

1-7.  This  short  abstract  of  the  poem  is  copied  from  Homer. 

1.  Arma  virumque  cano,  Anns  and  the  man  I  sing.  Anna 
refers  to  the  wars  of  Aeneas  in  Italy  and  virum  to  Aeneas  him- 
self. Cognate  accus.  A.  238;  H.  371,  II.  — primus.  A.  191; 
H.  443. 

2.  Italiam  and  litora :  terminal  accus.  after  verb  of  motion, 
would  in  prose  require  jn-epositions.  A.  258,  b ;  H.  380,  3. — 
fato.  A.  245 ;  H.  416.  —  Lavina  is  applied  in  anticipation  to  the 
shores  of  Latium,  in  the  vicinity  of  Lavinium,  the  city  which 
Aeneas  afterivards  built. 

3.  litora  explains  and  restricts  Italiam.— ille  is  pleonastic, 
grammatically  in  apposition  with  qui.  — terris  et  alto.  Abl.  of 
place  connected  in  idea  with  manner.  For  the  omission  of  in, 
A.  258,/;  H.  425,  N.  3.  Verses  2  and  3  refer  to  Aeneas'  strug- 
gles before  his  arrival  in  Latium. 

4.  vi  superiim  more  closely  defined  by  the  following  words, 
and  illustrated  by  th^  whole  episode  of  Juno,  11  seq.,  who  alone 
hated  him.  Vi  is  abl.  of  cause  and  instrument.  —  superum  =  su- 
peroram,  i.e.  deorum.  A.  40,  e;  H.  52,  3.  —  memorem,  ever- 
mindful,  unforgetting,  therefore  relentless. 

5.  multa,  etc.,  has  reference  to  Aeneas'  struggles  after  his 
arrival  in  Latium.— bello.  Abl.  of  time.  A.  256;  H.  429.— 
dum  conderet  urbem.    A.  328 ;  H.  519,  II.  2. 

35 


36  AENEIDOS. 

6.  deos,  the  Penates,  styled  jnihlici  (maiores)  as  well  as  jJ^i- 
vati  {minor es,  familiares).  —  Latio.  T)2it.  iox  In  Latium.  A. 
225,  6;  H.  380,  II.  4. — unde  =  a  quo,  referring  to  Aeneas. 
Vergil  here  follows  the  common  tradition.  Cf.  Livy,  I.  1.  The 
Latin  race,  Alban  Senate,  and  Rome,  refer  to  the  three  phases  in 
the  national  history  when  the  seat  of  power  was  respectively 
Lavinium,  Alba  Longa,  Rome.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the 
Aeneid  was  a  national  epic.  The  lulii  were  of  the  Albani 
patres. 

7.  altae  has  reference  to  its  position  upon  the  seven  hills. 

8-11.  Muse,  tell  me  lohy  Juno  was  enraged  with  so  good  a 
nif  n.  .  The  Muses  were  the  goddesses  of  memoria. 

8.  Musa<  i.e.  Calliope,  the  muse  of  epic  poetry.  —  quo,  in 
respect.-^o  what.  A.  253;  H.  424.  —  numine  laeso.  A.  255;  H. 
431.     Ine  answer  to  this  question  is  contained  in  verses  12-22. 

9.  quidve  dolens.  A.  237,  b;  H.  371,  III.  N.  1.— regina 
deum,  i.e.  as  the  sister  and  wife  of  Jove.  —  deum  =  deorum. — 
tot  volvere  casus.  In  poetry  and  late  prose,  after  the  Greek 
idiom,  verbs  of  striving,  commanding,  and  advising  are  used 
with  the  infinitive.  The  regular  prose  construction  would  be 
ut  volveret.    A.  331,  a  ;  H.  498,  II. 

10.  pietate.  A.  245;  H.  416.  — virum.  A.  240,/;  H.  536.— 
labores.     A.  228,  a;  H.  372. 

11.  inpulerit  is  indirect  questir^-  A.  334;  H.  529,  I.  The 
answer  to  this  question  is  found  '  '"  25-29.  —  Tantaene,  sc. 
sunt.-  ne.  A.  210,  a;  H.  351,  2.— animis.  A.  231;  H.  387.— 
irae.    The  plural  is  very  emphatic.    A.  75,  c ;  H.  130,  3. 

12.  antiqua,  "in  days  of  old."  The  city  was  ancient  at  the 
time  of  Vergil.  —  Tyrii.  Carthage  was  founded  by  colonists 
from  Tyre,  a  town  of  Phoenicia,  —tenuere,  sc.  eam,  referring  to 
urbs.  See  530,  est  locus,  Hesperiam  Graji  cognomine  dicunt, 
where  a  parenthetic  clause,  as  here,  explains  the  first  words. 

13.  Karthago  is  commonly  said  to  have  been  founded  812  B.C. 
—  contra.  For  the  position,  A.  263,  N. ;  H.  569,  II.  1.  —  Tiberina, 
of  the  Tiber.  In  Latin  an  adj.  often  represents  a  phrase.  — 
longe  modifies  contra. 

14.  ostia.     The  Tiber  had  two  mouths. —dives  opum.    A. 


NOTES.  37 

218,  «;  H.  399,  I.  3.  — studiis.  A.  253;  H.  424.  — belli.  Objec- 
tive genitive. 

15.  terris  magis  =  qiiam  omnes  terras.  A.  247 ;  H.  417.  — 
unam,  in  this  sense,  one  in  particular,  is  usually  found  with 
superlatives.    It  intensifies  quam. 

16.  posthabita  Samo.     See  Metrical  Index.    A.  255;  H.  431. 

—  coluisse  is  complementary  infinitive.    A.  271 ;  H.  534,  1,  N.  1. 

—  Samos  was  an  island  in  the  Aegean  sea,  where  Juno  was 
born,  nurtured,  and  married  to  Jupiter.  Her  oldest  and  grandest 
temple  was  there.  See  Class.  Diet.— hie  is  an  adverb,  i.e.  at 
Carthage.  —  arma,  sc.  fuerunt. 

17.  currus.  The  chariot  of  Juno  is  described  by  Homrr,  }L 
Y.  720-733. — hoc  refers  to  Carthage.  Gender"  ^95,  d; 
H.  445,  4.  Construction  ?  A.  240,  /;  H.  536.  —  gent.  233 ; 
H.  390,  II.  N.  2. 

18.  si  qua,  sc.  raf io?ie.  —  sinant.  A.  306,  337;  H.  507,  527.— 
iam  turn,  even  then,  i.e.  in  that  early  age,  long  before  Carthage 
became  the  actual  rival  of  Kome.  —  Neither  tendit  nor  fovet 
could  take  an  infin.  in  prose.  —  que  . .  .  que.  A.  156,  h ;  H.  554, 
1.5. 

19.  Progeniem.  See  hoc  in  v.  17.  —  sed  metuehat  Karthagini, 
enim.  See  v.  23,  and  compare  the  Greek  iWaydp.  —  duci,  teas 
even  then  springing.  *'The  present  infin.  denotes  the  event  as 
existing  in  the  designs  of  fate." 

20.  audierat  =  awf?ty'  iirteret  =  everteret  in  Vergil's 
poetical  language.  A.  317 ;  li.  497,  ±.  —  Tyrias  .  . .  arces,  i.e.  Car- 
thage, of  Tyrian  origin.     See  v.  12. 

21.  hinc,  i.e.  from  Trojan  blood.  Verses  21  and  22  are  an 
explanation  of  19.— late.  A.  188,  fZ;  H.  359,  N.  4.  — regein  = 
regnantem  qualifies  the  personified  pox)uhnn.  —  bello.  A.  253; 
H.  424. — superbum,  really  indicating  the  pride  which  comes 
from  success,  here  denotes  that  success. 

22.  venturum,  sc.  esse. — excidio  Libyae.  A.  233;  H.  390. — 
sic  volvere  Parcas,  that  so  did  the  Fates  decree,  the  metaphor 
being  perhaps  from  the  turn  of  the  wheel  of  destiny. 

23.  Juno  is  angry  with  Aeneas  (1)  from  her  dread  as  to  the 
future,  (2)  from  the  past  (25-28)  rankling  in  her  mind. — veteris, 


38  AENEIDOS. 

the  old,  i.e.  the  former.  See  VI.  449.  Saturnia,  i.e.  Juno,  the 
daughter  of  Saturn.  Subj.  of  arcebat  in  v.  31.  —  belli.  A.  218, 
a ;  H.  399,  I. 

24.  prima,  the  foremost,  in  the  front  rank  on  the  Greek  side. 

—  ad  Troiam,  at  Troy,  in  the  vicinity  of  Troy.  Roby  (1820) 
takes  it  as  "i^resence  after  motion,"  evidently  very  near  the 
constructio  pref/nans.  — -pro.  A.  236,  R.;  H.  384,  3,  2).  — Argis 
=  Grails,  by  metonomy. 

25.  necdum  .  .  .  honores :  a  parenthesis  giving  three  separate 
causes  of  Juno's  wrath.  —  etiam  =  et  iani,  even  iwiv  after  so  long 
a  time. — irarum.  Seen,  on  ira,  v.  11.  —  dolores,  Jiangs,  put 
for  the  lorongs  which  caused  those  pangs. 

26.  animo.  A.  243,  b ;  H.  434,  N.  1.  —  alta  mente  =  alta  in 
mente.  A.  258,  /;  H.  425,  II.  1.— repostum  by  syncope  =  repo- 
situm.    A.  p.  298;  H.  635,  2. 

27.  iudicium  Paridis.  Paris  decided  in  favour  of  Venus  against 
Juno  and  Minerva.  Tennyson's  (Enone  gives  the  story.  —  iniuria 
is  explanatory  of  indicium,  the  wrong  of  her  slighted  beauty, 
because  the  contest  was  which  of  the  three  should  be  adjudged 
the  fairest.  —  formae.     Gen.  of  definition.     A.  214,/;  H.  396,  VI. 

28.  genus  invisum.  Juno  hated  the  whole  Trojan  race,  be- 
canse  its  founder  Dardanus  was  a  son  of  Jupiter  by  Electra.  — 
rapti  Ganymedis.  Ganymede  was  seized  by  Jupiter  in  the  form 
of  ail-eagle  and  carried  to  Olympus,  where  he  was  made  cup- 
bearer to  the  gods  in  place  of  Hebe,  daughter  of  Juno. 

29.  his,  sc.  rebus.    Abl.  of  cause.  —  super  =  insuper,  moreover. 

—  aequore.     A.  258,  /;  H.  425,  2. 

30.  reliquias  Danaum,  i.e.  the  remnant  left  by  the  Greeks. 
Vergil  calls  the  Greeks  Argivi,  Achivl,  Danai,  Grail,  Pelasgi. 

—  Achilli  =  Achillis.     A.  64 ';  H.  68. 

31.  arcebat.  Note  the  force  of  the  imperfect.  — Latio.  A. 
258,  a;  H.  412,  2.  — mu\X,os  =  sept  em. 

32.  fatis,  i.e.  practically,  their  destiny.  — civcuxa.  H.  5%, 
II.  1. 

33.  The  difiiculty  of  building  up  the  Roman  Empire  enhanced 
its  greatness.— molis.  A.  214,  d;  H.  402.  —  condere.  A.  270; 
H.  538. 


NOTES.  39 


3-i.  Vergil,  like  Homer,  rushes  at  once  to  business,  and  does 
not  spoil  his  story  by  going  back  too  far.  Aeneas'  travels  o'er 
every  sea  told  in  detail  might  be  tedious,  so  they  are  thrown  in 
as  a  tale  told  by  him  to  Dido.  The  present  passage  takes  up  the 
storj^  from  tlie  end  of  Book  III.  The  Trojans  had  set  sail  from 
Sicily,  meaning  to  i-each  the  coveted  Hesperia,  when  the  storm 
drove  them  south  to  Carthage. 


•o"- 


35.  vela  dabant,  sc.  ventis.  —  laeti,  happy,  because  near  Italy. 
—  sails  l)y  metouomy  for  maris.  —  aere,  i.e.  with  keel  of  bronze. 

oG.  aeternum  volnus.  Cf .  19-28.  —  sub  pectore,  locJced  in 
her  breaf^i. 

37-38.  haec,  sc.  ^ogK/iwr.  — Meneincepto  .  .  .  avertere  regem. 
Is  it  to  be  imagined  that  I  conquered  desist  from  my  under- 
taking, and  am  not  able  to  turn  back  the  king  of  the  Teucrians 
from  Italy  ?  The  second  clause  is  an  Epic  amijlification  of  the 
first.  A.  274 ;  II.  539,  III.  —  incepto.  A.  243,  b  ;  H.  414.  —  Italia. 
A.  384,  4:  H.  581,  III.  1. 

39.  quippe,  because  forsooth.  —  fatis.  Dat.  =/«^o. — Pallasne, 
etc.     See  Homer,  Od.  IV.  499-511, 

40.  Argivdm  refers  only  to  the  Locrians,  whom  Ajax  led  to  the 
war.  —  ipsos,  the  men  on  the  ships.  —  ponto.  Local  abl.,  with 
idea  of  means. 

41.  unius  .  .  .  Aiacis,  of  one  man  only,  Ajax,  son  of  O'ileus, 
who  liad  on  the  night  Troy  was  taken  outraged  Cassandra,  who 
had  tied  into  the  temple  of  Minerva  for  safety.  Note  that  f/uilt 
and  frenzy  almost  mean  frenzied  guilt,  like  the  Homeric  arrj, 
infatuate  blindness.—  Aisicis  Oili  is  a  Grecism.  A,  214,  b;  H. 
398,  1. 

42.  Ipsa,  i.e.  with  her  own  hands.  — lovis  rapidum  ignem, 
i.e.  the  thunderbolt,  which  both  Juno  and  Pallas  were  allowed 
to  hurl. 

43.  aequora  is  used  when  especial  attention  is  drawn  to  the 
smoothness  of  the  sea.  —  ventis.    A.  248,  c ;  H.  420. 

44.  ilium,  i.e.  Ajax.  —  exspirantem,  gasping  out.  —  transfixo, 
i.e.  by  the  thunderbolt. —  pectore.  A.  243,  b;  H.  414,  N.  1.— 
flammas,  i.e.  the  lightning. 


40  AENEIDOS. 

45.  turbine.  Abl.  of  means.  —  scopulo  acuto,  on  a  pointed 
rock,  viz.  Caphareus,  the  S.E.  point  of  Euboea.  It  may  be  taken 
as  eitlier  dative  or  ablative,  as  infiijo  governs  both.  A.  228  or 
200,  a;  H.  38(3  or  425,  1. 

4G.   ego  is  in  strong  contrast  with  Pallas.  —  divum  =  divonim. 

—  regina.     A.  185 ;  H.  3G2,  2,  N.  1.    Note  the  effective  number 
of  conjunctions. 

47.  soror,  as  both  Jupiter  and  Juno  were  children  of  Saturn. 

—  annos.     A.  256;  H.  379. 

48.  bella  is  plural  to  suit  tot  annos. —  et  quisquam  . . .  hono- 
rem,  and  will  any  one  hereafter  adore  the  dicinitij  of  Juno  or 
a  suppliant  place  on  her  altars  the  homage  due?  Note  the 
absence  of  any  interrogative  particle.  —  quisquam  implies  a 
negative  answer.     H.  457. 

49.  praeterea=i:>osf/iac.  — aris.     A.  228;  H.  386.    See  v.  45. 

50.  flammato.  Vergil  poetically  uses  a  simple  word  =  inflam- 
mato.  —  corde.     A.  258,  /;  H.  425,  II.  1. 

51.  nimborum  is  carefully  placed  at  the  beginning,  Austris 
at  the  end,  of  the  verse.  —  loca.  A.  184;  H.  363.  For  the  form, 
A.  79,  c  ;  H.  141.  —  Austris,  the  south  winds,  here  used  for  winds 
in  general.     A.  248,  c ;  H.  421,  II. 

52.  Aeoliam.  A.  258,  N.  2  ;  H.  380,  2,  2.  AeoUa  was  one  of 
the  Lipari  islands,  N.E.  of  Sicily. —  Aeolus  was  the  fabled  king 
of  the  winds.  —  vasto  antro  is  to  be  taken  with  pretnit.  A.  258, 
/;  H.  425,  II.  1. 

53.  The  rhythm  suits  the  sense.— luctantes,  stnir/r/ling  to 
break  loose. 

54.  imperio  . . .  vinclis  . . .  carcere.  A.  248 ;  H.  420.  —  vinclis  et 
carcere,  the  bonds  of  a  prison-hovse.  The  et  coupling  the  words 
is  merely  rhetorical,  for  the  prison  and  the  bonds  are  identical. 
This  is  called  Hendiadys.    A.  p.  298 ;  H.  (536,  III.  2. 

55.  Illi,  i.e.  the  winds.  —  magno  cum  murmure  montis, 
"  lohile  the  mountain  »'i:rmurs  miyhtily."  Note  the  allitera- 
tion. 

5().  circum  claustra,  i.e.  the  strongly  secured  places  of  egress- 
—  celsa  arce.  Aeolus'  '  lofty  citadel '  is  inside  the  storm  moun- 
tain. 


NOTES.  41 

57.  sceptra.     The  plural  used  for  the  singular. 

58.  ni  faciat .  . .  ferant .  .  .  verrant,  unless  he  do  this,  they 
ivill  hear  axoay,  etc.  The  present  is  here  used,  instead  of  the  im- 
perfect, to  prepare  tlie  reader  for  the  following  scene  by  denot- 
ing the  possibility  of  his  not  doing  so.   A.  307,  h  ;  H.  509  and  N.  2. 

50.   quippe  =  eer^e,  asswredZ?/.  — rapidi,  where  our  idiom  re- 
quires the  adverb. 
GO.   speluncis  atris,  in  dark  caves.    See  v.  52. 

61.  molemque  at  montes  is  by  hendiadys  for  molem  montium. 
See  V.  54.  ^insuper,  above  them. 

G2.  foedere  certo,  by  a  fixed  laio.     A.  248;  H.  410,  III. 

63.  premere,  sc.  eos.  —  laxus  =  ut  laxae  essent,  proleptic.  —  qui 
sciret.  A.  317;  H.  407,  I.  Note  that  the  real  purpose  lies  in 
the  two  infinitives,  and  not  in  scii'et.  —  iussus,  i.e.  by  Jupiter. 
A.  202  ;  H.  540,  1. 

64.  his  vocibus  usa  est,  addressed  these  loords.  A.  240 ;  H. 
421,  I. 

65.  namque  =  Kal  ydp^  and  imx^lies  an  ellipsis,  and  I  am  right 
in  coming  to  thee, /or. 

66.  mulcere,  tollere.  Accus.  after  dedit.  A.  112,  d,  and  273; 
H.  371,  IV.,  and  533,  II.  —  vento  is  to  be  taken  with  both  infini- 
tives, for  Vergil  regarded  the  wind  as  doing  that  which  by  not 
blowing  it  allowed  to  be  done. 

67.  Tyrrhenum  aequor.  Also  Tuscuni  -{Ivferum)  Mare,  the 
sea  which  extended  from  Liguria  to  Sicily.  The  construction  is 
a  Grecism.    A.  237,  d;  H.  371,  N.  2. 

60.  incute  vim  ventis,  strike  strength  into  the  winds.  A. 
228;  H.  386,  1.  — submersas  ohxu&  =  submerge  et  obrue,  sink 
and  o'erichelm.     A.  202,  R.  ;  H.  540,  5. 

70.  age  diversos,  drive  them  (the  men)  ajxirt,  proleptic  — 
ponto.     A.  258,/;  H.  425,  II.  1. 

71.  mihi.  A.  231 ;  H.  387.  — bis  septem.  So  in  Eel.  I.  Vergil 
describes  twelve  as  twice  six.  — corpora.     A.  251,  a ;  H.  410,  II. 

72.  quarum  limits  puleherrima.  A.  216,  a,  2;  H.  397.  — quae, 
sc.  es^- forma.     A.  253;   H.  424.  — Deiopea  is  attracted  here 


42  AENEIDOS. 

into  the  relative  clause,  being  really  the  object  of  the  following 
verbs.     A.  200,  b  ;  H.  445,  9. 

73.  conubio  may  be  scanned  either  ^  w  —  or 

A.  248;  H.  411),  III.  —  propriam,  thine  forever. 

74.  omnis  begins,  annos  ends,  the  verse.  —  meritis  pro  tali- 
bus.     Note  the  transposition  of  the  words. 

7.5.  exigat . . .  faciat.  Subj.  of  purj^ose.  A.  317 ;  H.  497,  II.  — 
pulchra  prole.  A.  248 ;  H.  420.  Some  explain  them  by  A.  251 ; 
H.  419,  II. 

76.  haec  contra,  m  answer  to  these  words,  sc.  locxUus  est. 
A.  20(5;  H.  o(i8,  o.  —  Tuus  explorare  labor,  sc.  est.  Note  the 
shifting  of  all  the  responsil)ility  lor  the  act  upon  Juno  herself. — 
quid  optes.     A.  334 ;  H.  529,  I.     Direct  question  =  quid  optas  9 

77.  explorare.  A.  270;  H.  538.  —  capessere.  Frequentative. 
A.  167,  c ;  H.  33(j,  II.  N.  2. 

78.  quodcumque  hoc  regni,  whatever  of  sovereic/nty  this  is, 
i.e.  this  poor  realm  of  mine.  —  regni.  A.  216,  a,  3;  H.  397,  3. — 
sceptra  lovemque,  the  might  of  Jove.     See  54,  N. 

79.  epulis.  A.  228;  H.  386.  —  accumbere.  Qee  note  on  mid- 
cere,  V.  (56.     To  recline  at  table  was  the  Roman  custom. 

80.  nimborum.    A.  218,  a;  H.  399,  I.  3.  — facis,  sc.  me. 

81.  dicta,  sc.  sunt.  —  conversa,  turned  toward  the  mountain. 

—  cuspide.     A.  255;  H.  431. 

82.  impulit  in  latus,  he  smote  on  its  side,  thus  opening  tlie 
claustra  conceived  of  as  folding  doors  opening  inwards.  —  velut 
agmine  facto,  a  line  of  march  beinr/  formed,  so  to  speak.  A 
military  metaphor  and  so  requiring  velut  to  soften  it  down. 

83.  qua.  A.  258,  /;  H.  425,  II.  Commonly  regarded  as  an 
adverb.  — data,  sc.  est.  —  porta,  an  egress  through  the  opened 
claustra.  —  ruunt,  rush  forth  =  eruunt,  vid.  N.  on  verteret,  v.  20. 

—  turbine.    A.  248;  H.  419,  III. 

84.  Incubuere,  they  are  fallen,  the  perfect  denoting  the  swift- 
ness of  the  action.  — mari.  A.  228;  H.  386.  —  totum,  sc.  mare, 
obj.  of  ruunt  in  next  verse. 

85.  The  many  conjunctions  {polysyndeton)  are  used  for  effect. 


NOTES.  43 

—  ruunt,  are  ploughing  up.    Compare  the  use  of  same  verb  in 
y.  83.  —  procellis.'    A.  248,  c;  H.  421,  II. 

87.  insequitur  agrees  only  with  the  nearer  substantive  clamor. 
H.  463,  I.  —  virum  =  virorum. 

89.  ponto,  o'er  the  deep.    See  X.  on  7nari,  v.  84. 

'  Night  on  the  ocean  lies, 
Pole  thunders  unto  pole,  and  still  with  wild  fire  glare  the  skies, 
And  all  things  hold  the  face  of  death  before  the  seaman's  eyes.' 

—  M. 

90.  intonuere  poll,  the  poles  have  thundered,  i.e.  "pole 
thttuders  unto  pole."  —  ignibus.    A.  245 ;  H.  416. 

91.  viris.  In  Latin,  verbs  of  threatening  govern  a  dative  of 
the  person  and  the  accusative  of  the  thing,  or  it  may  be  con- 
strued by  A.  228  ;  H.  386. 

92.  Aeneae.  A.235,rt;  H.384,4,N.2.  — frigore,  ici7/i  c/ii7^m.g 
fear.     A.  248;  H.  420. 

93.  duplices,  clasped,  but  as  Yergil  speaks  of  duplices  parentes, 
and  Lucretius  of  duplices  oculi,  it  perhaps  means  ambas,  both, 
or  duas,  two. 

94.  talia  voce  ref art, /ie  utters  icords  like  these.  — voce.  A. 
248:  H.  420.  For  the  pleonasm,  see  A.  p.  298;  H.  636,  III. — 
beati,  sc.  erant  illi. 

95.  qviis^  quihus.  A.  104,  d;  H.  187,  foot-note  5.  Dative 
with  contigit.    A.  227 :  H.  385,  I. 

96.  oppetere,  sc.  mortem.  For  the  construction,  A.  270,  a  ; 
H.  538,  1  (2) .  —  gentis.     A.  216,  a,  2  ;  H.  397,  3. 

97.  Tydide,  i.e.  Diomedes,  with  whom  Aeneas  had  engaged  in 
single  combat,  which  would  have  resulted  fatally  but  for  the 
direct  intervention  of  Venus.  — mene  occumbere  non  potuisse. 
A.  274:  H.  539,  III.  —  occumbere,  sc.  ?norfi.  — campis.  A.  258, 
/;  H.  425,  II.  1. 

98.  banc  =  mcam .  —  dextra.    A.  248 ;  H.  420. 

99.  Aeacidae,  of  Achilles,  the  grandson  of  Aeacus.—X^lo.  A. 
248:  H.  420.  —  iacet,  lies  in  death,  historic  present.  — ingens 
refers  to  his  size. 


44  AENEIDOS. 

100.  Sarpedon,  sc.  facet .  —  Simois,  a  river  of  the  Troad. — 
correpta  wolvit  =  cor ripu it  etvolvit. 

10'_>.  iactanti,  sc.  ei,  dat.  of  disadvantage.  —  stridens  Aqui- 
lone.  /loiclinf/  with  the  north  icind. 

103.  adversa,/<//^  in  front,  agreeing  withprocella,  but  equiv- 
alent to  an  adverb  modifying  ferit. 

104.  prora  avertit,  the  prow  sic inqs  round.    Intransitive. 

105.  cumulo.  in  a  mass.  A.  248 ;  H.  410,  III.  —  praeruptus  is 
exj)laine(l  by  the  next  verse. 

100.  Hi  .  .  .  his,  refer  to  men  in  the  different  ships. 

107.  furit  aestus  harenis,  the  swf  rar/es  with  the  sand, 
abl.  of  instrument.  Papillon  says  "  accompaniment."  Others, 
"place  where." 

108.  Tris,  sc.  naves.  —  abreptas  torquet  =  abripit  et  torquet.  — 
latentia,  i.e.  to  Aeneas  in  the  storm,  as  they  are  visible  in  a 
cahn.  Probably  the  Aegimori  insulae,  thirty  miles  north  of 
Carthage. 

109.  Construe:  Saxa  (quae)  Italivocant  Aras,  quae  {sunt)  in 
mediis  jinctibus. 

110.  mari.  A.  258,  /;  H.  425,  II.  2.  — summo.  A.  193;  H. 
440,  2,  N.  1.  — ab  alto, /rom  the  deep  sea. 

111.  in  brevia  et  syrtis,  into  the  shalloics  of  the  quicksands. 
See  N.  on  54.  —  miserabile.  A.  189,  d  ;  H.  438,  3.- visu.  A. 
303 ;  H.  547. 

112.  vadis.    A.  228;  H.  386. —agger e.    A.  248;  H.  420. 

113.  Oronten.    A.  04;  H.  68. 

114.  ipsius,  i.e.  Aeneae.—mgens  pontus,  a  heavy  sea,  is  an 
expression  invented  by  Vergil;  puntus  usually  refers  to  the 
deep  sea.  —  a  vertice, /rom  above.    Homer's  /car'  dKp-q<;. 

115.  ferit,  sc.  navem.  —  qvie  in  Vergil's  poetical  language  is 
not  always  attached  to  the  word  which  it  should  logically 
follow.  —  magister,  the  helmsman,  Leucaspis,  VI.  334. 

116.  in  caput,  headlonf/,  an  adverbial  expression.  — illam,  i.e. 
navem,  contrasted  with  the  helmsman. 


NOTES.  V  45 

117.  rapidus  vorat  aequore  vortex,  i.e.  the  eddy  swiftly 
engulfs  them.  —  agens  circum  =  circumaf/ens,  tmesis  and  trans- 
position.   It  is  added  to  show  how  the  action  is  performed. 

118.  rari  is  contrasted  with  vasto.  Note  the  effect  of  the 
spondees. 

119.  arma  would  float  for  an  instant  even  if  made  of  iron. 
Li\'\^  r.  o7,  says,  the  floating  arms  of  the  Sahiues  first  announced 
at  Rome  a  victory. —tabulae,  planks,  from  the  ships  there 
wrecked. 

121.  et  qua,  sc.  earn.  For  the  case,  A.  248;  H.  420.  — vectus, 
sc.  eat. 

122.  hiems.  So  Greek  x^-tt-^v  =  hot\\  icinter  and  storm.— 
compagibus.  A.  255;  H.  431.  All,  icith  their  rib-joinings 
loosed,  let  in  the  fatal  flood  and  gape  ivith  many  a  chink. 

'  Fast  drinking  in  through  timbers  loose 
At  every  pore  the  fatal  ooze 

Their  sturdy  barks  give  way.' 

123.  imbrem  =  water  by  metonomy.  —  rimis.  A.  248 ;  H.  419, 
III. 

124.  miscere  pontum.  A.  330, 1 ;  H.  535,  I.  —  murmure.  See 
N.  on  rimis,  v.  123. 

125.  emissam,  refusa,  sc.  esse.    A.  206,  e,  fin. ;  H.  534,  N. 

126.  stagna,  from  sto,  literally  standing  xoaters. — refusa, 
streaming  hack,  i.e.  from  the  bottom  to  the  surface.  —  vadis, 
A.  243 ;  H.  412,  2.  —  alto  =  in  altum.     A.  225,  b  ;  H.  .380,  4. 

127.  summa.  A.  193;  H.  440,  2,  N.  1.  —  placidum.  A  hint 
that  he  means  to  allay  the  strife. 

128.  toto  aequore.    A.  258,/;  H,  425,  II.  1. 

129.  fluctibus.     A.  248;   H.  420.  —  caelique  ruina,  and  the 

downfall  of  the  sky.    A  very  bold  expression. 

130.  latuere  fratrem.  A.  239,  d;  H.  371,  III.  N.  2.  Neptune 
was  Juno's  brother.  —  irae,  passions,  plural  with  reference  to 
their  repeated  display. 

131.  dehinc.    In  scanning  elide  the  e. 


46  AENEIDOS. 

132.  generis.  A.  217;  H.  396,  III.  The  winds  were  sprung 
from  the  goddess  Aurora  and  Titus  Astraeus.  —  tenuit,  has  got 
possession  of  you.  The  idea  is,  'How  dare  you  so  to  presume 
upon  your  birth,  and  forget  your  true  condition  of  vassalage  ? ' 

133.  meo  sine  numine,  i.e.  witliout  my  consent,  as  if  acting 
on  your  own  authority. 

134.  tantas  moles,  such  mountaiiis  of  waves.  —  audetis  mis- 
cere.     A.  271 ;  H.  533. 

135.  quos  ego,  whom  I — .  Understand  some  such  words  as 
'  will  cliastise.'  This  sudden  brealting  off  is  called  Aposiopesis. 
A.  p.  299 :  H.  036,  I.  3.  —  componere.     A.  270 ;  H.  538. 

136.  post .  .  .  luetis,  another  time  you  shall  atone  for  your 
misdeeds  bij  a  punishment  far  different  (i.e.  far  more  severe 
than  mere  reproof)  at  my  hands.  —  mihi.  A.  225;  H.  384,  II. — 
non  simili  =  dissimillima.    Litotes.  —  poena.    A.  248 ;  H.  420. 

138.  pelagi.  A.  217;  H.  396,  III.  —  saevum,  stern,  as  the 
I)adge  of  stern  authority. 

139.  s^^.  By  the  lot  Jupiter  got  the  over-world,  Pluto  the 
under-%7OTld,  Neptune  the  sea.  — datum,  sc.  esse.  A.  330,  1; 
H.  535,  I. 

140.  vestras,  Eure,  domos,  the  homes  of  you  loinds,  Eurus. 
Neptune,  though  addressing  Eurus  only,  is  thinking  of  all  the 
winds.  In  Latin  vos  never  equals  tu.  —  %e  iactet.  A.  266;  H. 
484,  II. 

141.  clauso  is  emphatic ;  then  and  not  till  then  let  him  reign, 
when  he  has  closed  up  the  prison. 

142.  dicto  citius,  sooner  than  the  loords  were  uttered,  the 
waters  were  calm.    A  proverb.    A.  247,  h  ;  H.  417,  N.  5. 

144.  Cymothoe  was  the  daughter  of  Nereus  and  Doris.  —  Triton 
was  a  son  of  Neptune;  both  were  sea-deities.  — adnixus,  puslL- 
iufj  against  them  =  annixus.  For  the  agreement  see  A.  187,  b; 
H.  439. 

145.  scopulo.  A.  243,  b  ;  H.  434,  N.  1.  — levat,  raises  them.  — 
ipse  =  Neptune.  —  tridenti.    A.  248 ;  H.  420. 

146.  vastas  .  .  .  aequor,  opens  a  way  through  the  vast  quick- 
sands and  lays  the  waters  smooth. 


NOTES.  47 

147.  rotis  levibus.  A.  248;  H.  420.  —  Is  levibus  from  le'vis  or 
levis  ?  —  undas.    A.  237,  d ;  H.  372. 

148-153.  The  sudden  lull  in  the  rage  of  the  elements  brought 
about  by  Neptune  is  compared  to  the  sudden  lull  in  the  passions 
of  an  excited  crowd  brought  about  by  the  sight  of  some  citizen 
of  recognised  worth. 

148.  veluti  cum  =  Homer's  i^?  ore,  —  saepe  =  vt  saepe  accidit. 

149.  Simmis,  in  their  7ni7}ds.     A.  253;  H.  424. 

150.  iamque,  and  at  last.  — furor  arma  ministrat.  Because 
no  citizen  could  carry  arms  within  the  walls  of  the  city. 

151.  turn .  .  .  conspexere,  then  if  by  chance  they  have  caught 
sight  of  any  man  of  weight  and  ivorth,  lit.  weighty  on  account 
of  his  virtues  and  services  to  the  state.  Pigtas  was  the  typical 
Roman  virtue,  including  attention  to  duty  of  all  kinds,  not  at 
all  corresponding  to  our  piety,  but  including  it. 

152.  auribus.  A.  248;  H.  419,  III.  —  adstant,  stand  attentive. 
Observe  the  force  of  ad. 

154.  cecidit,  at  once  is  hushed.  Perfect.  —  aequora  is  object 
of  prospiciens. 

155.  genitor,  i.e.  Neptune.  —  caelo  aperto.  A.  258,/;  H.  425, 
II.  1. 

156.  curru  =  cwn-Mi.  A.  68,  N.;  H.  116,  foot-note.  — Join  with 
dat  lora. 

157.  Aeneadae.  A.  164,  h ;  H.  322.  Note  that  the  meaning 
and  form  are  not  quite  identical.  —  quae  proxima  litora,  sc 
sunt.     A.  200,  h  ;  H.  445,  9.  —  cursu.    A.  248 ;  H.  419,  III. 

158.  vertuntur,  txn-n.    H.  465. 

159.  in  secessu  longo,  in  a  deep  retired  bay.  In  this  descrip- 
tion Vergil  draws  upon  his  imagination  or  copies  from  Homer,, 
and  does  not  describe  any  actual  bay. 

'Deep  in  a  bay  an  island  makes 
A  haven  by  its  jutting  sides, 
Whereon  each  wave  fronn  Ocean  breaks, 
And  parting,  into  hollows  glides. 


48  AENEIDOS. 

High  o'er  the  cove  vast  rocks  extend, 
A  beetling  cliff  at  either  end; 
Beneath  their  summit  far  and  wide, 
In  sheltered  silence  sleeps  the  tide, 
While  quivering  forests  crown  the  scene, 
A  theatre  of  glancing  green.' 

—  C. 

160.  obiectu  laterum,  by  the  juttinf/  of  itfi  sides,  whereby 
each  wave  (omnis  unda)  from  the  deep  is  broken  and  parts  into 
the  deep  holloics  of  the  shore  (in  sinus  reductos).  — quibus.  A. 
248;  H.  420.  —  ab  aitto  =  veniens  ab  alto. 

162.  hinc  atque  hinc,  on  each  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  harbour. 

—  rupes,  rocky  clip's.  —  gemini,  i.e.  two  similar.  —  minantur  in 
caelum,  toioer  froioning  to  the  sky. 

163.  scopuli,  peaks. 

164.  tuta  silent,  lie  safe  and  still.— tMm,  moreover,  marks 
the  transition  to  a  new  point  in  the  description.  —  silvis  scaena 
coruscis,  a  background  of  quivering  trees.    A.  251 ;  H.  419,  II. 

1()5.  desuper, /rom  above,  i.e.  on  the  hills.  —  horrenti  .  .  .  um- 
"bra  and  a  murky  grove  loith  shaggy  shade  looks  down. 

16(i.  sub  fronte  adversa,  beneath  the  front  that  faces  the  sea. 

—  scopulis  pendentibus.    A.  244 ;  H.  415,  III. 

167.  yivoque  sa.xo,  of  nati(ral  stone. 

168.  nympharum.  The  Nymphs  were  personifications  of  the 
lovely  in  Nature.  —  fessas.  The  vessels  are  loeary  as  if  en- 
dowed with  life.  Cf.  Shakespeare,  Romeo  and  Juliet,  "thy 
sea-sick  weary  bark." 

WX  unco  .  .  .  morsu,  no  anchor  fastens  them  v)ith  hooked 
bite.     A.24.S;  H.  420. 

170.  septem.  Three  from  the  reef,  three  from  the  sandl)ank, 
and  his  own.  The  number  was  originally  twenty.  —  navibus. 
Ablative  of  instrument. 

171.  amore.     A.  248;  H.  410,  III. 

172.  harena.    A.  249;  H.  421,  I. 

173.  et  sale  .  .  .  ponunt,  and  stretch  on  the  beach  their  limbs 
that  drip  with  brine.    Place  on  the  beach  would  be  in  litus. 


JSfOTES.  49 

174.  silici,  from  a  flint.    A.  229 ;  H.  386,  2. 

175.  foliis.  A.  248;  H.  420.  —  circum  belongs  with  dedit  in 
next  verse.    Tmesis. 

176.  rapuit,  quickly  kindled.  —  fomite,  in  thefiieV 

177.  Cererem  is  by  metonomy  fov  fiuimenium.  —  undis.  A. 
248;  H.  420.  —  Cerealia  arma,  i.e.  the  hand-mill,  kneading-trough, 
and  baking-dishes. 

178.  fessi  rerum,  wearij  of  fortune.  A.  218,  c;  H.  399,  III,  2. 
—  receptas,  rescued  from  the  sea. 

179.  torrere,  to  parch,  so  as  to  make  it  more  easy  for  the 
grinding  {frangere  saxo). 

181.  pelago,  o'er  the  sea.  A.  227,  d;  H.  392,  I.  — petit, 
takes  in.  —  si  quem,  if  he  can  see  Antheus  anyichere,  lit. 
any  Antheus. 

182.  videat.  A.  334,  /;  H.  529,  II.  1.  — Phrygias=  Troianas, 
Troy  being  comprehended  by  Phrygia  Minor.  —  biremis  :  an  an- 
achronism. 

183.  arma.    The  arms  would  flash. 

184.  litore.    A.  258,/;  H.  425,  II.  1. 

185.  armenta  is  used,  strictly  of  oxen,  also  of  horses,  and  even 
of  apes  by  Pliny. 

187.  hie,  7?ereaf.  — manu.  A.  248;  H.  420.  Yov  the  Pleonasm. 
A.  p.  298 :  H.  636,  III. 

188.  fidus  quae  tela  gerebat  Achates  is  not  a  mere  stop-gap, 
but  shows  the  accidental  nature  of  the  circumstance.  Achates 
attended  Aeneas  as  armour-bearer. 

190.  cornibus  limits  alta.  A.  245;  H.  416  —  volgus  depends 
on  sternit.     There  are  in  190  and  191  several  military  allusions. 

191.  miscet,  throivs  into  confusion.  —  telis  limits  ac/ens. 

192.  prius-quam.    Tmesis.  —  victor.    A.  88,  c ;  H.  441,  3. 

193.  fundat .  .  .  aequet.  A.  327;  H.  520,  I.  2.  — humi,  on  the 
ground.  A.  258,  d ;  H.  426,  2.  Other  words  in  which  the  locative 
has  survived  are  belli,  militiae,  ruri,  vesperi,  foris. 

194.  Hinc  refers  to  time  =postea,  then. —  in  =  iJiter. 


50  AENEIBOS. 

195.  deinde  with  dividit.  —  quae  cadis  onerarat,  had  stored 
in  casks.  A  Vergiliau  inversion  for  quibus  cadus  onerarat.  A. 
248,  c;  H.  421,  III.  N.  1.  Cadis  is  dative.  A.  225,  d;  H.  384,  2. 
—  onerarat  =  oyieraverai.  —  A^cestes,  tlie  king  of  Sicily,  was  born 
of  a  Trojan  mother,  and  had  entertained  the  Trojans  during  the 
winter  just  passed. 

196.  litore.  A.  258,/;  H.  425,  II.  1.  — Trinacrio,  i.e.  at  Drepa- 
num,  wlience  they  set  sail  on  the  present  voyage.  — heros  is 
emphatically  placed  in  apposition  to  Acestes. 

198.  enim  implies  an  omitted  proposition,  and  I  am  going  to 
encourage  you,  for.  — scnte  may  betaken  KS=praeteritorum  and 
limiting^malorum  l)y  A.  207,  N.;  H.  443,  N.  3,  or  with  ignari 
sumus^  we  are  not  inexperienced  ere  now  in  ills.  —  malorum. 
A.  218,  a  ;  H.  399,  I. 

199.  0  passi  graviora.    0  [rje)  having  suffered  heavier  {icoes). 

200.  Scyllaeam  rabiem,  the  ravinfi  Scrjlla.  A.  190;  H.  395, 
N.  2.  —  penitus  with  sonantis,  deep-soundinr/. 

201.  Siccestis  =  accessistis.  A.  128;  H.  235,  3.  — Cyclopea  is 
so  written  in  all  the  MSS. 

202.  experti,  sc.  est  is.  All  these  events  are  described  in  the 
third  book.  — maestum  timorem,  sorrow  and  fear. 

203.  et  =  efiaw.  — haec  refers  to  their  present  sufferings.— 
olim  =  aliquando  in  prose. 

205.  tendimus,  sc.  cursum.  — in  Latium.  Vergil  forgets  that 
Aeneas  did  not  know  the  name  of  his  future  kingdom.  —  fata. 
This  is  related  in  the  second  and  third  books. 

20G.   fas,  sc.  est,  it  is  fated. 

208.  talia  voce  refert,  such  words  he  speaks,  i.e.  hiding  the 
sorrow  at  his  heart.  —  curis.    A.  245 ;  H.  416. 

209.  voltu.  A.  248;  H.  420.  —  premit,  keeps  concealed.— 
corde.     A.  258,  /;  H.  425,  II.  1. 

210.  Illi  is  emphatic  in  contrast  with  Aeneas.  —  praedae  dapi- 
busque  futuris,  the  prey  that  is  to  be  their  banquet.  Cf.  N. 
on  54. 

211.  tergora,  the  skin.  — costis.  A.  243;  H.  413,  N.  1.  — vis- 
cera, the  flesh,  anything  beneath  the  skin. 


NOTES.  61 

212.  pars  .  .  .  secant.  A.  205,  c;  H.  461,  1.  Sc.  viscera.— 
veribus.    A.  248;  H.  420.  —  trementia,  still  quivering. 

213.  litore.  A.  258,/;  H.  425,  II.  1.  — aena,  caldrons,  either 
in  which  to  boil  the  meat  (but  in  Homer  this  was  always 
roasted)  or  to  supply  hot  water  for  bathing. 

214.  Turn  .  .  .  ferinae,  then  loith  food  they  recruit  their 
strength  and  stretched  on  the  grass  fill  themselves  ivith  good  old 
ivine  and  rich  ve?u"6on.  — victu.  A.  248;  H.  420.  — implentur  is 
middle  voice  and  =  se  implent. 

215.  Bacchi  is  for  vini  by  metonomy.  For  the  case,  A.  223; 
H.  410,  V.  1.  — ferinae.    Compare  vitulina,  veal;  agnina,  lamb. 

216.  exempta,  sc.  est.  —  epulis.  Cf .  victu  in  v.  214.  —  mensae 
remotae,  sc.  sunt.  Vergil  is  thinking  of  his  own  day  when  at  a 
dinner  the  tables  were  brought  in  and  taken  out ;  of  course  the 
stranded  Trojans  had  no  tables  at  all. 

217.  sermone.   A.  248 ;  H.  419,  III. 

218.  inter  governs  spem  and  metum.  — sen  . . .  sive  =  utrum, 
an.  —  vivere,  sc.  illos.  Poets  and  late  prose  writers  often  omit 
the  subject  of  an  infinitive.  —  credant.    A.  334 ;  H.  529,  I. 

219.  extrema  pati  =  2>e/-/re.  — nee  iam  exaudire  vocatos,  and 
no  longer  hear  though  called ;  probably  an  allusion  to  the  con- 
clamatio. 

220.  plus  is  especially  appropriate  because  he  is  mourning  for 
lost  friends.  —  Oronti.     A.  64 ;  H.  68. 

221.  casum  gemit,  beivails  the  ill  fate.  The  accus.  after 
gemit  is  poetic  — secum,  ivith  himself,  i.e.  not  openly.  Construe 
with  gemit. 

223.  finis,  an  end  of  their  mourning.  —  aethere  summo,  from 
the  height  of  heaven. 

225.  sic,  even  so,  i.e.  with  eyes  fixed  on  the  earth.  —  vertice. 
A.  258,/;  H.  425,  II.  1. 

226.  regnis  may  be  either  dative  or  ablative. 

227.  talis  iactantem  curas,  with  reference  to  sic  constituit. — 
pectore,  A.  258,/;  H.  425,  II.  2. 

228.  tristior,  sadder  than  her  loont.  A.  93,  a;  H.  444,  1. — 
lacrimis.    A.  248,  c ;  H.  421,  II.  —  oculos.    A.  240,  c ;  H.  378. 


52  AENEIDOS. 

229.  0  qui  regis,  0  thou  tcho  rulest.  —  Tes  hominumque  de- 
lumque,  i.e.  the  universe,  the  object  of  terres  also. 

231.  meus  Aeneas,  sc.  ijotuit.  —  in,  a^ams^  — committere. 
A.  288,  a;  H.  537,  1.  —  Venus  means  these  questions  to  be  an- 
swered negatively. 

232.  quibus  is  dative.    A.  224 ;  H.  384. 

233.  ob  Italiam,  i.e.  because  Juno  is  set  against  their  entering 
Italy.  —  clauditur.  The  subjunctive  clanclatur  is  more  common- 
A.  319 ;  H.  500,  I. 

234.  hinc,  i.e.  from  these  Trojans.  — Romanos,  sc.  /ore. — 
volventibus  annis  =  volventibus  se  annis,  in  the  course  of  years. 

235.  revocato,  restored.  — Teucii.  Teiicer  was  the  first  king 
of  Troy. 

236.  omni  dicione,  ioith  full  poiver.  —  tenerent.  A.  319;  H. 
500,  I. 

237.  poUicitus,  sc.  e.s.  —  quae  te  sententia  vertit,  ivhat  (jieio) 
purpose  has  changed  thee  .^  Vergiliau  inversion  for  cur  senten- 
tiam  vertisti? 

238.  Hoc,  sc.  promisso. 

239.  solabar  =  so/a?ido  lenieham.  —  idMiB  contraria  fata  re- 
pendens,  balancing  hostile  fates  loith  fates,    8c.  meliorihus. 

240.  E'en  now  the  same  ill  fortune  folloics  them. 

242.  Antenor  was  a  nephew  of  Priam,  and  had  led  a  colony  of 
Troiani  and  Eneti  after  the  ruin  of  Troy  to  Venetia.  ,See  Livy, 
I.  1.  — Achivis.    A.  243,  b  ;  H.  434,  N.  1. 

243.  intima,  i.e.  lying  far  up  the  Adriatic,  for  Antenor  would 
not  go  inland.  —  tutus:  opposed  to  tot  casibus  actos. 

244-4(!.  fontem  .  .  .  sonanti,  the  fountain  of  the  Timavus, 
whence  through  nine  sources  loith  a  mountaiti's  mightij  roar 
the  sea  goes  bursting  up  and  overwhelms  the  felds  v:ith  the 
roaring  main.—yxndie,  i.e.  from  the  river.  —  mare.  Mr.  Nettle- 
ship  thinks  this  was  the  local  name  of  the  river  itself. 

247.  Hie,  i.e.  in  this  region.  — tam en,  i.e.  in  spite  of  these  diffi- 
culties. —  urbem  Patavi.  The  detinitive  genitive  (A.  214,/;  H. 
390,  VI.)  is  not  so  common  as  apposition. 


NOTES.  ^^ 

248.  nomen  dedit,  viz.  Fene^i.  — arma  fixit  as  a  sign  that 
warfare  was  over. 

249.  compostus  for  compositus,  by  syncope.  A.  p.  298;  H. 
635,  2. 

250.  nos,  i.e.  Venus  and  her  son  Aeneas. 

251.  infandum,  O  cruel  icron;/ .'  parenthetic  and  exclamatory. 
A.  240,  d;  H.  381  and  557.— unius=  Juno ms. 

252.  prodimur,  loe  are  forsaken  (by  Jupiter).  — oris.  A.  243, 
&;^H.  414. 

253.  Is  this  the  reivard  of  virtue?  Dost  thou  thus  restore  vs 
to  our  empire  ?  The  re-  of  reponis  does  not  imply  putting  back, 
but  putting  in  the  proper  place ;  so  reddere  epistulam,  referre 
ad  scnatum,  renuntiare  patribus. 

254.  0111  =  ^i.  A.  100,  a\  H.  186,  III.  foot-note.  — subridens, 
smiling  gently  on  her.     A.  224;  H.  384. 

255.  voltu.    A.  248;  H.  419,  III.  — quo.     A.  248;  H.  420. 
25G.   dehinc.    Cf.  131,  N.    Note  the  change  of  tense. 

257.  metu,  dative  for  metui.  A.  227;  H.  385,  II.  — Cytherea. 
See  Vocab.  —  manent  .  .  .  tibi,  unchanged  stand  the  destinies  of 
thy  peoptle,  as  thou  icouldst. 

258.  tibi.  ethical  dative.  A.  236;  H.  389.  — promissa,  i.e.  by 
fate.  —  Lavini  =  Lavinii. 

250.  sublimen,  etc.,  is  in  reference  to  the  apotheosis  of 
Aeneas. 

260.  magnanimus  =  the  Homeric  /ae-ya^vjixo?,  fj.eya\T^TOip.  —  neque 
me  sententia  vertit.    Cf.  237,  N. 

261.  Hie,  he,  i.e.  Aeneas.  — tibi,  be  sure.  Ethical  dative. — 
<\UdindiO  =  qua n do quidem,  since.  —  remordet.    A.  321;  H.  516. 

2(!2.  longius  et  volvens,  and  unrolling  farther.  A  metaphor 
from  the  ancient  book,  which  must  needs  be  unrolled  in  order  to 
be  read. 

263.  Italia  =  in  Italia.  —  f eroces,  ivarlike. 

264.  mores,  institutions,  towjs.  — viris.  A.  225;  H.  384,  II. — 
ponet  is  applied  by  zeugma  to  both  mores  (  =  impose)  and 
moenia  (=  build). 


54  AENEIBOS. 

2fi5.  Latio  =  in  Latio.  —  regnantem.  i.e.  continuing  to  reign.  — 
videritis  future  perfect  indicative.    A.  328;  H.  519,  II.  1. 

26G.  terna  is  not  poetic  for  tria,  as  often;  for  when  a  word 
used  only  in  the  plural  has  a  true  plural  meaning,  it  properly 
takes  the  distributive  numerals.  —  Rutulis  subactis.  Dative  of 
reference. 

2G7.  lulo  is  attracted  into  the  case  of  cui.  A.  231,  h  ;  H.  3S7, 
N.  1. 

2G8.  dum  .  .  .  regno,  lohile  Ilium's  state  stood  firm  by  royal 
su-ay.     A.  248;  H.  41i>,  III. 

269.  Yolvendisraensihns,  in  the  cycle  of  months.  The  gerund 
in  this  and  other  passages  almost  supplies  the  want  of  a  Latin 
present  participle  passive.  The  whole  line  is  poetical  for  tri- 
ginta  annos. 

270.  imperio  =  mperando.  —  Lavini.    Cf.  v.  258. 

271.  transferet,  sometime  during  the  thirty  years.  —  Longam 
Albam,  Alba  Lonya,  i.e.  the  lony  ivhite  city.  —  muniet,  s/iall 
build  and  fortify. 

272.  Hie,  i.e.  at  Alba  Longa.  —  iam, /rom  this  point.  —  regna- 
bitur,  there  shall  be  kingly  sioay.  —  annos.     A.  256;  H.  379. 

273.  gente  sub  Hectorea.  Regnabitur  being  impersonal,  we 
might  have  expected  gente  ab  H.  The  term  Hectorea  is  quite 
loosely  used  =  Trojan,  as  Hector  was  no  ancestor  of  the  Romans, 
but  merely  a  prominent  Trojan.  —  regina  sacerdos,  the  priestess 
queen,  i.e.  priestess  of  royal  birth.    A.  184;  H.  363. 

274.  Marte  gravis,  pregnant  by  Mars.  —  geminam  prolem, 
i.e.  Romulus  and  Remus.  —  partu  dabit,  shall  give  birth  to.  A. 
248;  H.  419,  III.  — Ilia,  commonly  called  Rhea  Sylvia,  a  Vestal 
virgin,  was  the  daughter  of  Numitor,  king  of  Alba. 

275.  lupae  nutricis.  Romulus  is  described  as  clad  in  a  wolf's  f 
skin  in  token  of  his  grateful  remembrance  of  the  care  of  his  i 
nurse,  the  she-wolf. 

276.  excipiet  gentem,  shall  succeed  to  the  rule. — Mavortia, 
from  Mavors  or  Mars. 

277.  Romanes  dicet,  shall  call  its  people  Romans. 


NOTES.  65 


278.  His,  to  these  Komans.  —  metas  rerum,  territorial  hounds 
ofpoioer. 

279.  sine  fine,  endless.  —  quin,  even. 

280.  enumeratio  partium  with  Polysyndeton.  —  metu  fatigat, 
keeps  in  turmoil  loithfear,  i.e.  her  jealousy  for  Carthage. 

281.  consilia  in  melius  referet,  loill  change  her  plans  for  the 
better.    A.  153.— fcvebit.     Cf.  18. 

282.  rerum  dominos,  as  lords  of  the  universe.  —  gentem  toga- 
tam,  the  nation  of  the  goion. 

283.  sic  placitum,  sc.  est  mi/ii.  —  lustris  {  =  annis)  labenti- 
bus.    Cf.  volvendis  mensibus. 

284.  domus  Assaraci,  i.e.  the  Romans,  descended  from  Aeneas, 
the  great-grandson  of  Assaracus.  —  Phthiam.  Phthia  was  the 
home  of  Achilles.  —  Mycenas,  Mycenae,  the  home  of  Aga- 
memnon. 

285.  Argis  is  best  taken  as  locative  ablative  (A.  258  c;  H. 
425,  II.),  but  it  may  be  construed  by  A.  227;  H.  385,  I.  Argos 
was  the  home  of  Diomede. 

286.  pulchra  origine,  of  illustrious  origin.    A.  251;  H.  419,* 

II., — Caesar,  i.e.  Augustus  or  Octavianus.  ^.  --j^ 

287.  qui  terminet,  ivho  shall  bound.    A.  317 ;  H.  497,  I.  -■  ^^ 

288.  lulius.   When  adopted  by  his  uncle,  the  Dictator,  Octa-f^'* 
vianus  became  Gains  lulius  Caesar. 

289.  Hunc,  i.e.  Augustus.  — caelo,  poetic  abl.  of  place  =  a(Z 
caelum.  — s-poliis  Orientis  onustum.  Augustus,  b.c.  31,  re- 
turned to  Rome  after  the  victory  at  Actium  and  the  conquest  of 
Egypt. 

290.  vocabitur  votis,  because  deified  by  the  Romans.  — hie 
quoque,  he  also,  as  well  as  Aeneas.  'X^OL/^ 

291.  turn,  during  his  administration.  —  positis  bellis.  A.  255;     ^^ 
H.  431.  ■       V**^ 

292.  cana  Fides,  ancient  Faith,  called  cana  because  especially 
honoured  by  the  old  Romans.  Fides  was  older  than  Jupiter. — 
Vesta  represents  the  ever-burning  hearth  fire  or  home  of  the 


56  AENEIDOS. 

Roman  people,  her  worship  being  coeval  with  that  of  the  Penates. 
—  Quirinus  was  the  name  given  the  deified  Romulus. 

2l);>.  ferro  et  compagibus  artis,  r/rim  v:ith  their  closely  melded 
plates  of  iron.     Hendiadys.     See  Gl. 

294.  Belli,  Furor,  personifications. — impius,  minatural,  with 
special  reference  to  the  horrors  of  civil  war,  which  Augustus 
ended.  —  portae.  The  gates  of  the  Temple  of  Janus  were  closed 
in  times  of  peace,  which  happened  for  the  third  time  in  Roman 
history  after  the  battle  of  Actium. 

295.  centum  stands  for  any  indefinitely  great  number. 
.    296.  ore  cruento.    A.  248 ;  H.  419,  III. 

297.  ait,  sc.  luppiter.  —  M.aia.  genitum,  Maia's  son,  Mercury, 
the  gods'  messenger.    A.  244,  a  ;  H.  415,  II. 

298.  ut  pateant  in  the  present  tense  after  the  historical  pres- 
ent deniittit  shows  the  immediate  object  of  sending  Mercury. 

299.  hospitio  and  Teucris  are  both  datives  diitev pateant.  A. 
233;  H.  390.  — nescia  fati.  Could  then  Dido  thwart  fate?  — 
Dido  was  the  reputed  founder  of  Carthage. 

300.  finibus.  A.  243,  a\  H.  414,  N.  1.  —  arceret  shows  the 
remoter  purpose  of  sending  Mercui-y.     A.  287,  e  :  H.  495,  II. 

301.  remigio.  A.  248:  H.  420.  —  Libyae  ...  oris,  qaickhf 
lighted  on  the  coasts  of  Libya.  Note  the  force  of  the  perfect. 
What  case  is  oris  ? 

302.  pomint  =  deponunt.  —  'Poeniy  derived  from  ^olj't^,  shows 
the  Phoenician  origin  of  the  Carthaginians. 

303.  deo  volente,  at  the  vxill  of  heaven.  —  quietum,  benignam. 
Note  the  position  of  these  corresponding  words  at  the  end  of 
following  verses. 

305.  volvens  =  qui  volvebat. 

30(!.  ut  primum  lux  alma  data  est,  .so  sooji  as  the  genial  light 
of  day  icas  granted. —exir^.  The  four  infinitives  in  the  sen- 
tence depend  on  constitait  in  309. 

307.  vento,  by  stress  of  wmcZ.  — accesserit  aiul  teneant  de- 
pend on  quaerere.  A.  334;  H.  529,  I.  — oras  is  governed  by  ad 
in  composition. 


NOTES.  57 

308.  inculta,  a  desert.    A.  188,  R. ;  H.  441,  2. 

309.  constituit  is  pred.  of  Aeneas.  —  exacta,  his  discoveries. 

310.  in  convexo  nemorum,  in  the  holloxo  of  the  groves. 

312.  comitatus,  accompanied.  Many  deponents  have  passive 
participles,  but  this  form  is  probably  passive  of  comitare,  which 
is  found  in  Ovid.  A.  135,  h  ;  H.  231,  2.  —  Achate.  This  ablative 
of  the  agent  is  rare  and  poetical,  except  with  comitatus.  A. 
248 ;  H.  415,  1. 

313.  bina  =  duo.    Homer's  heroes  bore  two  spears. 

314.  Cui  is  dative  after  obvia.  A.  234,  a ;  H.  391.  —  mater,  i.e. 
Venus.  — obvia,  poetic  for  obviam.  A.  191;  H.  443.  — silva. 
A.  258,/;  H.  425,  II.  1. 

315.  virginis  arma,  i.e.  light  ones,  such  as  would  be  suitable 
for  a  virgin. 

316.  Spartanae,  sc.  virginis.  — vel  qualis.  Construe  — ?;eZ 
talis  qualis  Threissa  Harpalyce  est  o^wn&fatigut,  etc. 

317.  Harpalyce,  daughter  of  Harpalycus,  king  of  Thrace. 
See  Vocab.  — fuga.  A.  253;  H.  424.  —  Hebrum.  Some  read. 
Eurum.  It  has  been  objected  (1)  that  the  Hebrus  is  a  slow 
river,  (2)  that  even  if  it  were  swift  for  a  river,  any  huntress 
might  easily  outrun  it.  But  the  question  is  not  whether  the 
Hebrus  is  or  is  not  swift,  but  whether  Vergil  thought  it  was. 
He  puts  it  as  the  best  known  river  of  Harpalyce's  native  coun- 
try. Cf.  Milton,  Lycidas,  63,  'down  the  sioift  Hebrus  to  the 
Lesbian  shore.' 

318.  unieris  =  o6  luneris  ;  perhaps  dative  by  A.  228;  H.  386. 

319.  dederat  diffundere.  Infinitive  of  purpose,  borrowed 
from  Greek  idiom,  but  common  in  Vergil  and  Horace.  A.  273; 
H.  533,  II.  2. 

320.  genu,  sinus.  Accus.  of  specification.  A.  240,  c;  H.  378 
and  1.  — collecta  is  taken  by  some  as  a  middle,  in  which  case 
sinus  would  be  direct  object. 

321.  prior.     A.  191 ;  93,  a  ;  H.  443 ;  444.  —  monstrate,  sc.  earn. 

322.  vidistis  si.     A.  306;  H.  508,  1  and  4.  — quam=  aliquem. 

323.  maculoso  is  Madvig's  conjecture  for  maculosae. 


58  AENEIDOS. 

324.  clamore,  i.e.  canum.    A.  248 ;  H.  419,  III. 

325.  Sic  Venus,  sc.  inquit. — contra,  in  reply.  —  orsus,  Bc.est. 

32G.  audita,  sc.  est.  —  mihi,  as  in  Greek.  A.  232,  a  and  h  ;  H. 
388,  4. 

327.  0  ought  to  be  followed  by  a  vocative,  but  Aeneas  cannot 
at  once  think  of  the  rii^ht  name  with  which  to  address  her.  — 
quam  te  {es.se)  memorem,  lohom  shall  I  call  thee?  A.  268;  H. 
486,  II.  —  tibi  voltus,  sc.  est.    A.  231 ;  H.  387. 

328.  hominem  sonat,  sounds  like  a  man^s.  A.  238,  a ;  H.  371, 
II.  N. 

32!).  an.  A.  211,  h  ;  H.  353,  2,  N.  4.  — Phoebi  soror,  i.e.  Diana. 
—  an  .  . .  una,  or  one  of  the  race  of  the  ^lyniphs.  Vergil  usually 
joins  unus  with  the  genitive.    A.  216,  a,  2;  H.  397,  3. 

330.  Sis  .  .  .  leves  .  .  .  doceas.  A.  267 ;  H.  484, 1.  —  felix,  pro- 
pitious, explained  by  the  following  clause.  —  quaecumque,  sc. 
es.    Vocative. 

3.31.  tandem,  to  be  joined  here  with  iacteniur,  in  questions 
laj'S  stress. 

332.  iactemur.     A.  334;  H.  529,  I. 

333.  vento  et  fluctibus,  by  the  ivind  and  leaves. 

334.  multa,  many  a. —  dextra.  Ablative  of  instrument  with 
cadet,  which  is  virtually  passive.    A.  248 ;  H.  420. 

335.  Venus,  sc.  dixit.  — honore.  A.  245,  a  ;  H.  421,  III.  X.  2. 
The  idea  is,  "  No  goddess  am  I,  but  a  Tyrian  huntress." 

336.  virginibus.    A.  231;  H,387.  — gestare.    A.  270;  H.  538. 

3.37.  purpureo:  epitheton  ornans.  —  alte,  hifjh  on  our  legs. — 
cothurno.  The  cothurnus  or  hunting-boot  was  worn  to  protect 
the  feet  and  legs. 

338.  Agenoris  urbem,  a  city  of  Agenor,  twin  brother  of  Belus 
and  founder  of  Sidon,  from  whom  Dido  was  sprung. 

339.  fines,  sc.  su7it.  — genus,  in  apposition  with  fines,  has  its 
true  antecedent  in  some  word  implied  in  Lihyci. 

340.  Imperium  regit,  holds  simri.  Imperium  is  not  concrete 
in  good  Latin  and  =  empire.  — Hido.  See  Vocab.  — Does  Tyria 
belong  to  Dido  or  urbe  .^  —  urbe.    A.  258,  a  ;  H.  412,  2. 


NOTES.  59 

341.  Longa  est  iniuria,  the  story  of  her  injury  is  long.— 
longae,  sc.  simt. 

343.  Huic.  A.  223;  H.  390,  II.  N.  2.  —  Sychaeus.  Contrast 
with  isT/chaeus  in  348.  So,  often  in  foreign  proper  names.— 
agri.  A.  218,  a ;  H.  399,  I.  3.  The  conjecture  of  Huet,  auri,  is 
very  tempting,  the  Phoenicians  being  not  a  pastoral  or  agri- 
cultural, but  a  commercial  people. 

344.  Phoenicum  limits  ditissirnus.  A.  216,  a,  2;  H.  397,  3.— 
miserae,  hapless,  sc.  Dido.  See  note  on  mihi  in  326.  It  is  used 
proleptically  with  reference  to  the  sequel  of  the  story. 

345.  pater,  i.e.  Belus.  — intactam,  sc.  7io?ic.  — primis  omini- 
bus,  loith  the  first  auspices  of  wedlock  :  the  clause  is  explana- 
tory of  intactam  dederat.  Such  auspices  were  a  necessary  part 
of  a  Roman  marriage.  —  iugarat  =  iugaverat. 

347.  scelere.  A.  253;  H.  424.  — ante  alios  .  .  .  omnes,  a  man 
in  sin  more  ynonstrous  than  all  others.  A  Greek  pleonastic  form 
for  the  simpler  Latin  aliis  immanior. 

348.  Quos  =  Sychaeus  and  Pygmalion.  — inter.  A.  263,  N.; 
H.  569,  II.  1.  —  medius.     Where  our  idiom  would  use  the  adverb. 

349.  impius,  unnatural,  because  violating  all  natural  claims. 
—  aras,  i.e.  of  the  Penates.  —  amore.     A.  245;  H.  416. 

350.  securus  amorum,  regardless  of  the  love  of  his  sister.  A. 
218,  c;  H.  399,  111.  1. 

351.  et  aegram  . .  .  amantem,  loickedly  feigning  many  a  pre- 
tence, and  icith  idle  hope  (of  seeing  him  again)  he  mocked  the 
heart^iefirwife. 

^3.  Ipsa,  i.e.  unsummoned.  —  inhumati,  iinburied,  and  so 
despised  by  the  shades,  and  increasing  the  enormity  of  the 
crime. 

354.  modis  with  pallida.    A.  248;  H.  419,  III. 

355.  crudelis  aras.  The  altars  are  cruel  from  their  connection 
with  the  cruel  deed. 

356.  caecum  is  here  passive,  as  often.  — domus,  genitive. 

357.  celerare  suadet=  the  prose  vt  celeret.  A.  331,  a ;  H.  535^ 
IV.  — patria.    A.  243,  b;  H.  434,  N.  1. 


60  AEN FIDOS. 

358.  auxilium  viae,  as  an  aid  for  her  journey.  —  tellure.  A. 
258,  a  ;  H.  412,  2. 

300.  His  commota,  roused  to  action  by  these  things.  —  fugam 
sociosque  parabat.     Zeugma. 

361.  Conveniunt,  sc.  omnes  as  antecedent  to  quibus. 

362.  paratae,  sc.  sunt. 

303.  avari  is  emphatic  at  the  end  of  the  line  —  his  greed  had 
been  balked. 

304.  pelage.    A.  258,  g ;  H.  425,  II.  1.  —  dux,  sc.  est. 

365.  locos.  A.  258;  H.  380,  3.  —  cernis,  thou  seest,  seems 
better  than  cernes,  i.e.  thou  wilt  see  from  the  hill-top,  for  nunc 
cannot  mean  presodly. 

307.  mercati,  sc.  sunt.  —  solum  quantum  =  tantum  soli  quan-  \ 
turn.  Ribbeck  regards  these  two  verses  as  unfinished.  —  Byrsara. 
Byrsa  was  the  name  of  the  citadel  of  Cartha.i^e.  The  story  was 
that  they  cut  tlie  hide  so  as  to  make  one  thong,  while  the  ])iirgain 
was  that  she  should  have  as  much  land  as  could  be  compassed 
by  a  bull's  hide. 

308.  possent.     A.  341 ;  H.  528,  I. 

369.  vos,  sc.  es^is.  —  tandem.     See  note  on  331. 

370.  talibus,  i.e.  talibus  {his)  verbis  respondit. 

371.  imo.    A.  193;  H.  440,  2,  N.  1. 

372-74.  //'  O  goddess,  going  back,  I  should  tell  the  tale  from 
the  very  beginning,  and  if  there  were  leisure  for  you  to  hear  the 
story  of  our  disasters,  ere  I  end  Vesper  lo ill  close  Olymi^is,  and 
lay  the  day  to  rest.  Si  pergam  would  regularly  take  componat 
as  apodosis,  but  componet  makes  greater  rhetorical  vividness 
and  indicates  the  certainty  of  the  conclusion.  —  et  vacet,  imper- 
sonal, sc.  tibi.  —  audire.  A.  273;  H.  533,  II. —  ante,  before  I 
finish.  — clause  Olympo.    A.  255,  H.  431. 

375.  Nos  is  object  of  adpulit  in  377.  —  Troia,  after  vectos.  A. 
258,  a  ;  H.  428,  II. — vestras,  i.e.  tuas  et  civiuni  tuorum. 

37().   iit  per  =pervenit  ad.    A.  306 ;  H.  508,  4. 

377.  ferte  sua,  by  its  casx«d  occurrence.  It  was  not  by  any 
design  of  their  own,  but  by  this  accidental  storm,  that  tlie 
Trojans  had  come  to  Carthage.  — oris.     A.  255,  6 ;  H.  380,  II.  4. 


NOTES.  61 

378.  Sum  plus  Aeneas,  I  am  Aeneas,  god-lover. — eyi,  from 
the  midst  of. 

379.  classe.  Locative  ablative.  — fama,  ablative  of  cause. — 
super  aethera,  in  heaven  above. 

380.  Italiam  patriam.  Dardanus,  his  ancestor,  was  born 
there.  —  genus  ab  love  summo,  mijline  {sprung)  from  supreme 
Jove.  The  descent  was:  I.  Jupiter;  II.  Dardanus;  III.  Ericli- 
thonius;  IV.  Tros;  V.  Assaracus;  YI.  Capys;  VII.  Anchises; 
VIII.  Aeneas. 

381.  Bis  denis  =  his  decem.  Cf.  71.  A.  95,  c ;  H.  174,  2,  2).  — 
navibus.     Instrument. 

382.  matre  dea,  m,y  goddess  mother,  Venus.  —  fata  =  o?-acz*?a. 

383.  vix  =  aegre,  and  is  to  be  taken  with  supersunt. 

384.  ignotus,  i.e.  here  in  Africa.    Cf.  379,  super  aethera  notus. 

385.  Europa  atque  Asia.  Abl.  of  separation. —plura  que- 
rentem  passa,  sc.  eum,  is  a  Greek  construction  for  j^assa  eum 
queri  plura,  alloicing  him  to  complain  no  more. 

387.  Quisquis  es.     A.  309,  c ;  H.  476,  3. 

388.  qui  adveneris,  since  thou  art  come,  causal,  to  be  taken 
closely  with  hand  invisus.  A.  320,  e;  H.  517.— urbem.  Limit 
of  motion. 

390.  namque,  and  I  say  this, /or. —reduces,  sc.  esse.—re- 
latam,  sc.  esse. 

391.  et  in  tutum  .  .  .  actam  (esse),  and  home  into  safe  har- 
bour hy  a  change  of  toind.  —  Aquilonibus,  like  Euro  in  383,  is 
used  for  wind  in  general. 

392.  vani,/a?se,  i.e.  mere  pretenders.  — diOCViQre,  sc.  me. 

393  seq.  Behold  yon  twice  six  swans  joyful  in  line,  whom 
but  now  Jove's  bird  swooping  from  the  height  of  heaven  scattered 
o'er  the  clear  sky;  now  they  seem  in  long  array,  some  to  be 
choosing  their  ground,  some  tg  be  looking  down  upon  the  ground 
they  have  chosen :  as  they  returning  sport  with  flapping  wings 
and  with  their  choir  have  girdled  the  sky  and  have  given  forth 
their  song,  even  so  thy  ships  and  thy  youthful  comrades  are 
either  safe  in  port  or  are  entering  its  mouth  under  full  sail. 


62  AENEIDOS. 

—  bis  senos.  These  birds  of  Venus  correspond  to  the  twelve 
missing  ships.  —  lovis  ales,  i.e.  the  eagle.  —  The  aetheria  plaga 
is  higher  than  the  coeluin. 

402.  avertens,  sc.  w.  — rosea  cervice  refulsit,  flashed  forth 
with  the  beauty  of  her  rosy  neck. 

403.  ambrosiae  comae.  The  gods  used  ambrosia  for  anoint- 
ing the  hair.  — vertice,  from  her  head.    A.  258,  a ;  H.  412,  2. 

404.  pedes  ad  imos.  Note  that  her  hunting  dress  is  changed 
into  the  long  tlowiug  robe  worn  by  divinities. 

405.  et  vera  .  .  .  dea,  and  the  true  fjoddess  ivas  revealed  by 
her  gait.    Tlie  gods  glided  along  with  very  easy  motion. 

406.  fugientem,  sc.  e«?n.  fugio  is  often  used  of  any  quick 
motion. 

407.  Quid,  ichy  .?  — totiens  must  be  taken  somewhat  laxly,  as 
Venus  had  appeared  to  Aeneas  only  once  before.  See  Book  II. 
589.  —  quoque  with  crudelis,  also,  as  well  as  Juno. 

408.  dextrae.    A.  224;  H.  384.— iungere.     A.  270  ;  H.  538. 

409.  veras,  true,  sincere,  as  become  a  mother  and  son. 

410.  Talibus.    A.  248;  H.  419,  III.  —  incusat,  sc.  earn. 

411.  gradientis,  sc.  eos.  —  aere,  like  the  Homeric  arjp.  See 
Od.  VII.  14.    A.  248;  H.  420. 

412.  circum  —  fudit.  Tmesis.  A.  p.  298 ;  H.  630,  V.  3.  —  dea, 
i.e.  as  only  a  goddess  could.  Cf .  the  rhetorical  insertion  of  heros 
in  1%,  of  dea  in  692. 

415.  Paphum.     Limit  of  motion.    See  Vocab. 

416.  laeta,  because  her  son  is  safe  and  his  future  is  assured. 
—  templum,  sc.  est.  —  centum.  Vergil,  with  doubtful  taste, 
has  made  Homer's  one  altar  into  an  hundred.  Cf.  Od.  VIII.  .'i62 
seq.  —  SsihSieo.  The  Sabaei  were  a  people  of  Arabia  Felix,  and 
famed  for  tlie  products  of  their  land. 

-^18.   Corripuere  viam,  they  sped  their  ivay.  —  qvia.,  ichere. 

419.  qui  plurimus  urbi  imminet,  which  hangs  over  the  city 
with  mighty  mass.  Plurimus,  lit.,  very  large.  For  position. 
A.  200,  d;  H.  453, 5.         ..  ^*^^ 


NOTES.  63 

420.   aspectat.    Personification.  —  axGesheremesins.buildin^s, 
toioers.  ...,<■     y-         w^'^  e. <,,«..<.  .^ 

422,   strata  viarum  =  s^ra^as  vias,  paved  streets,  borrowed    ^^ 
^  from  Lucretius.    Cf.  prima  virorum  and  convexo  nemorum,  310. 


t 


42,3.  Instat,    sc.   ope?-/,   deTeloped  in  the  following  lines.  — 
/ardentes,  eagerly.  — -pSiTS.    A.  184;  H.  363.  — ducere,  extend, 
historical  infinitive.  -4>uJ(i-v-»-^ "'^^    ""^ 

424.  moliri,  build.  —  Bxcem  is  the  citadel  proper.      teTt-x^"'*^  L^^ 

425.  concludere,  sc.  ewm.    A.  195,  &;  H.  451,  1.   ^^'^^;f~^^^-2^^^^^^ 

426.  iura  constituunt  magistratusque  legunt.  Zeugma. 
The  line  comes  in  rather  awkwardly,  and  is  hardly  consistent 
with  507,  from  which  it  is  perhaps  made  up. 

427.  effodiunt,niteraJly  true,  the  harbour  of  Carthage  being      ^^ 
artificial.— _lata,  broad,  instead  of  the  more  common  alta,  is 
from  Ribbeck,  following  the  Vatican  MS.  — theatris.    A  stone^^;,,^-^ 
theatre  is  a  thorough  anachronism.  ''  '  '~ 

1^"'      429.  rupibus,  i.e.  the  quarries.  — scaenis.    A.  235,  a;  H.  384, 
4,  N.  2.  — alta,  lofty.  "  -y-c. 

430.  qualis.  Supply,  as  antecedent  for  the  complete  con- 
struction, 2'alis  labor  Foenos  exercet,  such  labour  occupies  the 
Carthafjinians,  as  when  in  early  summer  o'er  the  blooming 
meads  beneath  the  sun  labour  stirs  the  bees,  when  forth  they  lead 
the  full-grown  young  of  the  race,  or  when  they  pack  the  liquid 
honey  and  fill  their  cells  full  to  bursting  of  nectar  sweet,  or  take 
the  burdens  of  the  workers  as  they  come,  or  forming  line  drive 
from  their  hives  the  drones,  a  lazy  tribe.  Hotly  glows  the  work, 
and  the  sweet-scented  honey  is  fragrant  of  thyme.  — liquentia, 
from  liquor,  not  liqueo.  —  venientiim  =  venientium.  —  fra- 
grantia  mella.    Note  the  force  of  the  plural. 

437.  0,  happy  ye,  ichose  icalls  already  rise  !  Thinking  of  his 
own  city  that  is  to  be,  far  away.  —  suspicit,  looks  up  at.         ^   -,  r^r,' 

440.  per  medios,  sc.  viros.  —  miscet,  sc.  .se  from  439.  —  neque 
cernitur  uUi,  and  is  seen  by  none.    Rare  dative.    A.  232,  a  and     ^'- 
b ;  H.  388,  4. 

441.  umbrae,  in  respect  of  shade.    A.  218,  a ;  H.  399,  I.  3. 


64  AENEIDOS.  ^  )A~*-^  V^' 

442.  quo  loco  primum,  to  be  closely  joined,    primum  here  - 
means  on  their  arrival.  '•    '^^ 

443.  "Dug  np  the  sign,  which  Queen  Juno  had  taught  them 
to  expect,  the  head  of  a  spirited  steed."  This  corresponded  with 
the  sow  which  Aeneas  was  to  find  in  Italy. 

444.  monstrarat  =  mons^miJera^  —  fore  depends  on  mo/istra- 
raMmderstood.  ^^^v.y«    -  ■^^• 

445.  facilem  victu,  easy  in  livinrj,  i.e.  easy  to  be  supported, 
wealthy,  the  horse  being  an  emblem  of  wealth.    Cf.  Homer's 

peia  C,ti>ovT€<;. 

447.  condebat,  loas  building ;  it  was  in  course  of  erection. — 
donis  .  .  .  divae,  rich  with  gifts  and  ivith  the  presence  of  the 
goddess,  i.e.  rich  with  gifts  sanctified  by  her  divinity. 

448.  cui,  dat.  of  reference,  lo/iose.  —  gradibus.  A.  258,  a; 
H.  412,  2.  —  nexae,  sc.  sunt.     ^^^'^>  ^v>u-..>^^*-<>-  - 

449.  aere.    A.  248;  H.  420. — trabes,  door  posts,  lit.  beams. — 
J        foribus.    A.  235,  a;  H.  384,  4,  N.  2.    The  idea  is  'Bronze  was 

the  threshold  to  which  the  steps  led,  and  the  door  posts  were 
sheathed  with  bronze,  and  the  hinge  creaked  on  the  brazen 
doors.'  i/" 

452.  ausus,  sc.  c.s<.  — rebus.    A.  254,  h;  H.  425,  1),  N.    O^  " 

453.  sub,  roithin,  as  being  under  its  roof.—  lustrat  singula, 
Ql^'  he  surveys  the  things  one  by  one.  >4>*^ 

454.  reginam  opperiens.  Nothing  shows  how  he  knew  she 
was  coming.  —  quae  fortuna  sit  urbi,  ichat  prosperity  the  city 
has.    A.  340;  H.  528,  1.  — urbi.     Dative  of  possessor. 

4.55.  artificum  manus  inter  se,  the  skill  of  the  rival  artists. 
—  laborem,  the  magnitude. 

451).  videt.  These  representations  were  either  decorations 
painted  in  the  vestibule  or  were  carved  on  the  pediment. — 
ex  ordine,  with  pugnas,  as  inter  se  with  manus. 

457.  iam,  already.  —  fama  explains  how  these  things  came 
to  be  known  at  Carthage. 

458.  Atridas.  Agamemnon  and  Menelaus.  —  saevum.  Achilles 
hated  the  sons  of  Atreus  as  much  as  he  did  his  enemy  Priam.  — 
ambobus,  the  sons  of  Atreus  and  Priam. 


NOTES.  65 

460.  laboris,  sad  tale.    A.  218,  a  ;  H.  399,  3.      ;  u  J 

461.  En  Priamus.    A,.  2067  c;  H.  368,  3.  — Sunt  hie  .  . .  laudi, 

even  here  icorth  has  its^oivn  rewards.  —  sua.  A.  196,  c;  H.449,  2. 
—  laudi.     A.  231 ;  H.  387.  -  :  ' 

462.  rerum,  for  misfortune,  objective  genitive.    A.  217 ;   H. 
396,  III.  —  mortalia,  human  affairs. 

463.  aliquam  salutem,  some  deliverance. — tibi  is  addressed     \^ 
to  Achates  as  alone  present,   but  really  applying  to  all  tUe       ^ 

Trojans.  -  v'-'^    r 

,t\ ' 

464.  atque  .  .  .  inani,  and  feeds  his  mind  on  the  unreal  pic- 
tare.     Another  anachronism. 


465.  multa.     A.  240,  a  ;  H.  371,  II. 

4<36.  The  scenes  depicted  were :  1.  The  victory  of  the  Trojans 
under  Hector;  2.  The  victory  of  the  Greeks  under  Achilles; 
3.  The  death  of  Rhesus ;  4.  That  of  Troilus ;  5.  The  prayer  of 
the  Trojan  women  before  Minerva's  statue ;  6.  That  of  Priam 
before  Achilles ;  7.  The  fray  with  Memnon ;  and  8,  with  the 
Amazons.  It  will  be  seen  that  they  go  by  pairs.  —  uti,  hoiv. — 
Pergama,  here  =  Troy,  of  which  it  was  a  part. 

467.  hac,  sc.  parte,  here,  in  this  picture. — fugerent,  etc. 
A.  334;  H.  529,  I.    \,n>1>JK  V~^«--^-  .^^^.^^^.^^^^u^.'-u-  - 

468.  Phryges,  sc.  fugerent.  —  curru,    A.  248 ;  H.  420.  —  crista- 

tUS.      Homer's  lnn6KOiJLo<;. 


s^ 


469.  niveis  tentoria  velis.  Tents  of  snow-white  canvas,  is  an 
anachronism,  for  Homer's  men  had  wood  huts. 

470.  primo  somno,  by  their  first  sleep,  which  was  the  deepest. 

471.  Tydides,  Diomedes.  ^n^.^^<  >^^\       -'-v^ 

472.  ardentis  equos,  fiery  steeds.— in  castra,  i.e.  of  the 
Greeks. 

473.  gVLsta-ssent  (=  gustavisse^it)  .  .  .  bibissent.  Subjunctives 
as  representing  the  thought  in  Diomedes'  mind.  A.  327 ;  H.  520, 
II.  An  oracle  had  declared  that  should  the  horses  of  Rhesus  eat 
the  grass  or  drink  the  water  of  the  Xanthus,  Troy  would  be 
impregnable. 


66  AENEIDOS. 

474.  amissis  armis,  i.e.  all  but  his  sj^ear.  See  478.  —  Troilus 
was  the  yuuiigL-st  sou  of  Priam,  slaiu  ])y  Achilles. 

475.  inpar  congressus  Achilli,  i.e.  uo  match  to  Achilles. 
A.  228 ;  H.  38(5. 

47G.   curru  is  dative.  —  resupinus,  i.e.  falleu  ou  his  back. 

477.  huic.    Dat.  of  disadvantage.    A.  235,  a;  H.  384,  4,  N.  2. 

478.  versa,  tamed  down,  trailiiifj. — pulvis.  The  loug  i  is 
archaic. 

479.  Interea,  meanwhile,  i.e.  in  another  picture.  —  non  aequae, 
unpi'o2')itioits. 

480.  crinibus  passis.  A.  255;  H.  431.  —  Iliades,  The  Trojan 
women,  a  patronymic.  —  pepJoHMK*  A  costly  and  elegant  r9he. 
Such  were  often  presented  to  the  gods  by  suppliants.     ;;\  f  ^-  ""^^ 

•A 

481.  suppliciter,  in  suppliant  guise.  —  tunsae,  beating.  Cf. 
320.  Both  this  and  the  dishevelled  hair  are  signs  of  grief. 
—  pectora.    A.  Ill,  N. ;  H.  378.    dL  -f    -  ^^  <- 

482.  The  goddess  Pallas  and  her  statue  are  confused.  —  solo. 
A.  258,/;  H.  425,  N.  3.  —  aversa,  averting  her  face. 

483.  This  line  suggests  the  mangled  state  of  the  body.  Note 
tlie  use  of  the  tenses. 

4S4.  auro,  for  gold.  A.  252,  d;  H.  422.  Priam  gave  Achilles 
ten  talents, 

48(j.  currus,  i.e.,  of  Achilles,  to  which  the  body  of  Hector  had 
been  bound. 

487.  Priam  went  into  the  Grecian  camp  to  ransom  the  body 
of  Hector,  who  is  much  more  prominent  in  Vergil  than  in 
Homer.  The  fact  that  he  was  reputed  to  be  a  connection  of  the 
Roman  race  brought  him  into  exaggerated  prominence. 

488.  Himself,  too,  he  kneic  mingling  in  fray  loith  the  Achaean 
chiefs.     A.  248,  o,  K. ;  H.  419,  1,  i),  (2).   ^  ',V   r    '^  .       ,  ^^ 

489.  Eoas  acies,  the  Eastern  bands,  i.e.  Indian  Ethiopians  led 
by  Memnon,  swarthy  (nigri)  son  of  Tithonus  and  Aurora. — 
arma,  made  for  him  by  Vulcan  at  the  entreaty  of  his  mother, 
Aurora. 


yOTES.  67 

490.  Later  traditions,  but  not  Homer,  represent  the  Amazons 
as  fighting  on  the  side  of  Troy.  —  lunatis  peltis.    A.  251;  Hw'.    0 
419,  II.  CA£>0JL.o.5:^B**f  ^^O^^fCVl^ 

492.  fastening  her  golden  belt  beneath  her  bared  breast.  v) 

493.  bellatrix,  a  loarrior  and  maid  though  she  be,  she  dares 
to  fight  loith  men.    Appositions. 

494.  Haec  miranda  videntur,  these  things  seem  marvellous. — 
Dardanio  is  especially  appropriate,  as  Aeneas  had  been  lost  in  a 
Trojan  reverie.         .  '  «   >  C 

495.  obtuui  -sfith  defixus. 

496.  ad  templum.  Note  the  preposition  with  the  accus.  after 
the  compound  verb.  — forma.    A.  253;  H.  424.    Ju^  \  ft^f^"^-^^  " 

497.  incessit,  has  advanced.    Cf.  46  and  405. 

498.  Dido  is  compared  with  Diana,  who  was  worshipped  with 
especial  honour  at  Sparta.  —  Eurotae  Cynthi.    See  Vocab. 

499.  Diana.  Cf.  Sychaeus,  343,  N.  — choros,  c/iomZ  da?ices.— 
quam  secutae,  foUoioLng  lohoriiUji,,^...^ 

501.  umero.  A.  i^V;  H.  425,  11.  1.  — gradiens,  i.e.  as  she 
walks.  —  deas,  the  nymphs. 

502.  Latonae.  Latona  was  the  mother  of  Diana.  —  gaudia, 
as  her  mother. 

504.  instans  .  .  .  futuris,  urging  on  the  work  of  her  kinc/dom 
that  ivas  to  be.    A.  228;  H.  386.     C>^Vv^J.<^J.^,.^.^/^■-vo<^'^*w- 

505.  foribus'divae,  i.e".  of  the  chapel  within  the  temple  con- 
taining the  goddess's  image.  —  media  testudine  templi,  in  the 
middle  of  the  vaulted  temple.  ^  ,  ,  '  , 

506.  armis,  i.e.  armed  men.  — solio  alte  subnixa,  lit.,  lifted 
up  from  underneath  on  high  by  a  throne,  i.e.  on  a  lofty  throne. 

507.  lura,  decisions  on  cases  laid  before  her  for  judgment.  — 
leges,  statutes. 

"508.  sorts  trahebat,  chose  them  by  lot. 

509.  concursu  magno,  i.e.  of  Carthaginians. 

510.  fortem  Cloanthum.  Cf.  Addison,  Spectator,  No.  273, 
*  Vergil  falls  infinitely  short  of  Homer  in  the  characters  of  his 


68  AENEIDOS. 

Poem,  both  as  to  Variety  and  Novelty,  Aeneas  is  indeed  a 
perfect  Character,  but  as  for  Achates,  tho'  he  is  styled  the 
Hero's  Friend,  he  does  nothing  in  the  whole  Poem  which  may 
deserve  that  Title.  Gyas,  Mnestheus,  Sergestus  and  Cloanthus 
are  all  of  them  Men  of  the  same  Stamp  and  Character,  —  For- 
temque  G]iav,fortemque  Cloanthum.' 

512.  penitusque,  etc.,  and  had  candied  far  aicaij  to  other 
shores,  explaining  dispulerat.  —  oras.     A.  258;  H.  380,  3. 

513.  Obstipuit  belongs  to  both  subjects ;  percussus  also.  A. 
187,  a ;  H.  439,  1. 

514.  avidi  (A.  191;  H.  443),  they  earjerbj  longed. 

515.  res  incognita,  i.e.  their  ignorance  of  the  real  state  of 
affairs,  as  shown  by  the  questions  in  517,  518. 

516.  Dissimulant,  so.  se  adesse,  they  hide  their  presence  (or 
C07ice«Z  their  emotions).  —  caiVa.,  enshrouding.  «  A^ 

517.  f ortuna,  sc.  sit.    A.  334 ;  H.  529,  I.  A^AA^  \f^^ 

518.  qviid,  ichy.  "^.'240,  a;  H.  454,  2.  —  cunctis  nam.  Yergil 
adds  a  clause  to  explain  the  questions.  —  cunctis,  i.e.  from  the 
thirteen  saved  with  Ilioneus. 

519.  ora,ntes  vema,m,  praying  for  grace.  Of .  525.  —  clamore, 
amid  shouting,  probably  that  of  the  great  crowd ;  for  surely 
loud  clamour  would  not  be  the  best  way  of  attaining  their  end. 

'^520.  introgressi,   sc.  sunt.  —  coram,   sc.  reginh.  —  dsita.,  sc. 
est. 

521.  maximus,  the  eldest  of  them ;  sc.  natu.  —  placido  pectore. 
The  calm  dignity  of  Ilioneus  is  contrasted  with  the  surrounding 

523.  iustitia,  loith  justice.  A.  248;  H.  420.  —  dedit  governs 
both  conderc  and  fremere  as  objects.  —  gentis  has  reference  to 
the  neighbouring  African  tribes.  The  more  warlike  the  Africans, 
the  more  glory  for  Rome,  who  had  overcome  them. 

524.  maria  vecti,  borne  over  every  sea.    A.  237,  d;  H.  371, 

52G.  parce  pio  generi,  spare  a  pious  race.  A.  227 ;  H.  385, 
II.  —  propius,  more  favourably . 


NOTES.  .  69 

527.  We  are  not  come  either  with  the  sword  to  devastate  the 
African  homes  or  to  plunder  and  to  carry  spoil  to  the  shores. — 
populate.    Infinitive  of  pur j)Ose.    A.  273 ;  H.  533,  II. 

528.  venimus  is  what  tense  ?  — raptas  verjiere  praedas.    A^ 

292,  R.;  H.  549,  5.  cf^-^^-^-^  "--^    -^n  ^^^   ..  ^--^       j^ 

529.  vis,  violence,  sc.  est  — animo,  sc.  V'2^r$^>y^,tnv^v'<-^  VvM^ 

530.  Hesperiam,  the  evening  land.  Tne  name  was  also  ap- 
plied to  Spain  by  tlie  Romans.    Sc.  quam. 

531.  antiqua,  old  in  story.  — ubere,  richness  of  soil.    Homer's 

532.  Italus,  who   probably  existed   only  in  fable,  had  been  -"^ 
king  of  the  Oenotrians.  —  f  ama,  sc.  est.  ^  -fjL.y'-^l 

533.  gentem  is  by  synecdoche  for  terram.     hL^-^-^*-^'^''*^ 

53i.  Hie  cursus  fuit.  These  half-verses  show  (among  other 
things)  the  unfinished  state  of  the  Aeneid.   p^v-*-^  "wv—— ^  cr-t^-^V-> 

535.  adsurgens,  of  the  rising  of  the  star,  subtly  suggests  also 
the  rising  of  tlie  waves.  Orion  arises  about  midsummer,  and 
both  at  that  time  (cf.  756)  and  at  his  setting  at  the  beginning 
of  November  the  weather  was  often  bad,  hence  his  epithets  of 
imbrifer,  nimbosus,  etc. 

536.  tulit,  sc.  nos.—penitus  modifies  di&»?(Zi«.  —  austris.  A. 
248;  H.  420.       l~^^^    c^-^-^-w^-  -  -»      '  --  .^,.       >^ 

537.  superante  salo,  the  briny  sea  overpoicering  us.  A.  255; 
H.  431. 

538.  dispulit,    sc.    ?ios.  — pauci,    a.  §canty    remnant.  — oris.      «, 
A.  225,  6;  H.  380,  4.    X^^.^^   -|^-yv.-v>U^^    'O-^nA'   u^    ^^  o-tX^ 

539.  Quod  genus  hoc  hominum.  Abrupt  transition  with 
asyndeton.  — quaeve  hunc,  etc.,  or  ichat  land  so  savage  as-to- 
be-the-home-of  this  conduct  ?  0  o  a  '\lj^ 

540.  hospitio.     A.  243^a ;  H.  414.    ^^-"^  '^^  ^^"^A  '       ''^''  '  "^^^ 

541.  prima  terra,  o?i  the  edge  of  the  strand.-^^^^nsisteie. 
A.21hb;  H.  535,  II.    Cyt^^A? '   ^^^l  ' 

542  is  an  indirect  compliment  to  Dido  in  acknowledging  the 
power  of  Carthage. — mortalia,  transferred  epithet.  Cf.  355 
crudelis  aras. 


TO  AENEinOS. 

543.  at  sperate,  yet  expect  gods  loho-f or  get-not  the  right  and 
the  wrong. —  sperate  =  ex^^ec^afe,  so  usecleveu  in  prose,  milder      ^ 
th2in.metulte.  —  decs,  sc. /ore.  .^  v>oi-'''— ^-'^^^     "^^v^  ' 

quo.     A.  247;  H.  417.      X 

V 

545.  pietate,  etc.    A.  253 ;  H.  424.  —  bello  has  reference  to  his     ■  ' 
skill  as  a  commander,  and  armis  to  his  personal  bravery.  C^l*-'*-"*^ ' 

54(i  aura.    A.  249;    H.  421,    I.    "Feeding  upon  the  air  of     7/ 
heaven  "  =  living,  has  become  a  poetical  commonplace.    U-  v  '-^^     I), 

547.  Mmons  =  in  umbris ;  amid  the  shades.  ^  x^^-"*^         a^^ 

*^^       54s.  non  metus,  sc.  est  nobis;  ice  have  no  cause  to  dread. — 
'  J^  Officio.    A.  253  i  H.  424.  —  certasse  =  certavisse.  —  priorem.    A. 
1.91;  H.  443.      '  .  \-x   - 

549.  paeniteat.  A.  207;  H.  484,  I.  — sunt,  sc.  nobis.  — qX,= 
e'tiam,  moreover.         ^y^^^^^^^~^ 

551.  ventis.  A.  248 ;  H.  420.  —  liceat.  Subj.  of  desire.  A.  2G7 ; 
H.  483.    Sc.  nobis.—  subducere,  i.e.  on  the  shore. 

552.  silvis,  ???  the  icoods,  local  ablative.  —  stringere  remos, 

Cf.  Homer,  Oc/.  YII.  209,  iTTo^uvouo-n' epcT/aa.  ,      ^^    ..  t'"*^' 

553.  datur,  sc.  ?io&/,s.  — Italiam.  Limit  of  motion.  A.  258; 
H.  380,  ;;.  —  sociis,  sc.  ?ios^r/.s-.  —  recepto  in  sense  applies  to 
sociis,  though  agreeing  only  with  the  chief  subject.  A.  187,  a ; 
H.  439,  1.  -^  ^^^J,,^.  cU.)pX—  -fl-^  ' 

554.  Itaham  is  emphatically  repeated.  —  ut .  .  .  petamus 
denotes  the  purpose  of  the  expressiuns  in  551  and  552,  and  si 
datur  .  .  .  tendere  depends  on  it. 

555.  absumpta,  sc.  esf.  — salus,  safety,  i.e.  Aeneas. 

550.  spes  luli,  hope  in  lulus,  i.e.  hope  in  his  living  to  found  a 
great  kingdom  in  Italy.  —  iam,  any  longer. 

L*  557.  Sicaniae.  See  Yocab.  It  was  named  from  the  early  in- 
habitants, the  Sicani,  more  ancient  than  the  Siculi.  —  paratas, 
ready  for  vs,  already  built. 

558.  advecti,  sc.  sumus.  —  Tegem,  as  our  king,  in  place  of  the 
lost  AeiK'as  and  lulus.  —  With  petamus  supply  ut  from  554. 

659.  Talibus,   sc.  verbis.  —  Ilioneus,    sc.  ae?.  — cuncti,   etc., 


NOTES.  71 

with  one  mouth  all  the  children  of  Dardanus  shouted  assent. 

Cf.  Homer,  IL  I.  22,  eV0'  oAAoi  fj-eu  iravre?  enev<t>riixr)<Tav  'A\aLoi.      Note 

the  effective  nature  of  the  short  line. 

561.  voltum  demissa,  casting  down  her  eyes.    Cf.  320,  N. 

562.  Solvite  corde  metum,  free  your  hearts  from  fear,  is      #JK 
Vergilian  variety  lor  solvite  corda  metu.  —  corde.    A.  243,  a;    '^^ 
H.  414,  I.  — secludite,  dis77iiss.  A, 

563.  Kes  dura,  my  hard  fate,  stern  necessity.  She  had  diffi-^^^ 
culty  in  keeping  her  ground  in  this  hostile  land,  and  also  feared  '^^J^\^ 
an  attack  from  her  brother  Pygmalion.  —  talia  moliri,  to  adopt  '7^''^ 
such  a  course. 

564.  moliri  shows  the  great  reluctance  with  which  she  took 
such  precautions.  —  custode  is  collective  singular.    So  miles,  the  ^ 
soldiery;  ?'osa,  roses,  etc.  4  ,,  ^  ,'Jr~  x.v^*^"' 

565.  Aeneadum  =  Aeneadarum.  —  nesciat  is  sii,hj .  of  appeal,  .-fyj—  4 

*    567.  obtusa  adeo,  so  unfeeling,  predicate.  —  Poeni  i^s  in  appos.     y^^ 
with  the  subject  of  gestamus.    ra>«-<Xv*v^^V*''^^^^     ^^<^y^'    .^C^^ 

568.  tain  aversus,  so  remote.    The  notion  is  that  Carthage  is    i:>6t^ 
not  so  cold  a  country  that  its  people  are  lacking  in   human 
sympathy. 

569.  Saturnia  bjvb,  =  Latium.  Saturn  was  king  of  Latium 
during  the  golden  age. 

570.  Erycis  fini^  =  Siciliam.  Eryx  is  a  mountain  in  Sicily.— 
optatis,  you  choose. 

571.  auxilio  . . .  iuvabo,  I  will  dismiss  you  guarded  by  an 
escort  and  help  you  ivith  my  means. 

572.  Voltis  et  =  etsi  voltis.  —  pariter,  on  equal  terms.  —  regnis 
=  in  his  regnis.    A.  258,  /;  H.  425,  II.  1.   'Y~^~^t}^<LA.  v>rU^>-^^- 

573.  TJrbem  quam  statuo,  vestra  est,  the  city  xohich  I  am 
building  is  yours.  Urbem  is  by  inverse  attraction  drawn  into 
the  relative  clause.  A.  200,  b  ;  H.  445,  9.  Cf .  Terence,  Eunuchus, 
653,  Eunuchum  quem  dedisti  nobis  quas  turbas  dedit. 

574.  This  verse  is  the  motto  of  "  The  North  American  Review." ^^^^  c 
—  mihi.    A.  232,  a  and  b ;  H.  388,  4.  —  agetur.    For  the  agreement 

see  A.  205,  b;  H.  463,  3. 


72  AENEIDOS. 


575.  JHoto  =  vento,  as  the  same  south  wind  would  scarcelv  , 
bring  Aeneas  to  Carthage.  .    '       "  t-^»-^  fv-»'-*..'w<^7^ 

576.  adforet.    A.  2G7;  H. '483,  1  and  2.  —  certos=Jidos,  trusty 
persons. 

577.  lustrare,  sc.  eos.    A.  331,  a;  H.  535,  II.  —  extrema,  so. 
loca. 

578.  si,  to  see  if.  —  quibus  is  the  indefinite,  in  an?/.  —  eiectus, 
i.e.  by  the  sea. 

579.  animum  is  accus.  of  specification. 

580.  iamdudum  ardebant,  had  been  lonr/  and  loerc  still  ?m- ^ 
patient.  A.  277,  b:  H.  4Glt,  II.  2.  —  erumpere  nubem.  Th^^- 
accusative  is  poetical.  '     i 

582.  Nate  dea,   0  r/oddess  born.    A.  244,   «;    H.  415,  11.—  ^ 
animo.    Local  abl.  —  sententia, /)»rpose.  fij^ 

583.  tuta,  sc.  esse.  —  receptos,  sc.  esse. 

584.  unus,  viz.  Orontes.    Cf.  113  seq. 

585.  submersum,    sc.    esse.  — dictis.     A.  224;   H.   384.     Cf. 
390  seq. 

586.  fatus  erat,  i.e.  Achates. 

587.  purgat,  clears.    Supply  se  from  scindit. 

588.  Kestitit,  etc.  There  stood  Aeneas,  and  amid  the  clear 
light  shone  forth  f/odlike  in  face  and  shoulders.  \^ 

589.  OS  umerosque.    Accus.  of  specification.  —  deo.     A.  234, 

a ;  H.  391, 1.  —  namque  .  .  .  honores,  for  his  mother  had  breathed  {jy 
grace  into  her  .son's  Jioiring  locks  and  the  gloiving  blooin  of  \ 
youth  and  joyous  lustre  into  his  eyes. 

592.  Venus  adds  such  beauty  to  Aeneas  as  artists  do  to  the 
materials  on  which  they  work.  —  manus,  loorkmanship,  hands 
of  artists. 

593.  Parius  lapis,  Parian  marble,  famed  for  its  beauty  and 
ease  in  working. 

594.  cunctis.     Dative  of  reference  with  iiipi'ovisus. 

595.  Coram,  sc.  vobis,  before  you.    Note  that  Aeneas  is  not 


NOTES.  T3 

obliged  to  blow  his  own  trumpet,  this  having  been  performed  for 
him  by  Ilioneus  and  Dido. 

597.  0  sola  miserata=  0  tu,  quae  sola  miserata  est.    A.  299; 
H.  549,  4. 

598.  quae  is  subject  of  socias,  and  nos  is  its  object ;  so.  tibi.—  ^ 
reliquias  Danaum.    See  note  on  30.                                                   ' 

599.  exhaustos,  icorn  out.  —  omnium.    A.  218,  a ;  H.  399,  I.  3.        ^ 

600.  urbe,  dome,  with  socias.    A.  253;  H.  424.  —  persolvere..^/^^ 
A.270,6;IL538^im,, 

601.  opis.    A.  21¥,  d;  H.  401  and  402.  —nee  quidquid,  etc. 
nee  gentis  Dardaniae  quidquid  eius  superest.   •y-'-   i        ^-^^ 

602.  gentis.  Partitive  genitive  after  quidquid.  —  s-paxsa,,  sc. 
est ;  chiefly  by  settlements  in  Sicily  and  Crete.  ,  ^ 

603.  Di  tibi  ferant,  inay  the  gods  bring  thee.  A.  2B6;  H.  484, 
I.  — si  qua.  A.  105,  d;  H.  190,  1.  — si  quid,  etc.,  if  justice  and 
conscious  rectitude  be  of  any  account  (quid)  anijwhere  on  earth 
(usquam>  -  ^■'"'^i^r\  ■  "V^"  "  ' 

604.  sibi, (recti,  Vith  conscia.    A.  234,  218;  H.  399,  I.  3,  N.  1. 

606.  saecula.  The  poets  often  use  the  plural  for  the  singular 
without  any  especial  signification. 

607.  mo'ntibus  convexa,  the  hollows  of  the  mountains,  valleys. 
—  montibus.  A.  235,  a ;  H.  384,  4,  N.  2.  —  umbrae,  shadows  of 
the  mountains. 

608.  polus  dum  sidera  pascet.     The  ancients  believed  that 
the  stars  were  nourished  and  kept  burning  by  vapours  arising 
through  the  atmosphere  from  the   earth   and  sea.     Epicurus 
taught  that  they  were  nourished  by  the  fiery  particles  in  the^>t- » 
aether  itself.  Y^'-^^'^^^i^^i/^  V*^^ 

609.  tuum.     For  the  agreement,  A.  187;  H.  439,  1.  j 

610.  quae  —  cumque.  Tmesis.  Aeneas  intimates  that  he  is  ^'^^' 
not  his  own  master,  but  is  dependent  on  fate,  and  will  have  to  ;y  ' 
leave  Dido.  y 

611.  Ilionea  =  'iAtov^a.  — petit,  ryrosjis.  '"^  '      P^^ 

612.  post,  afterwards,  adverb  of  time. 


74  AENEIDOS. 

013.  primo,  with  aspectii,  but  may  be  taken  adverbially. 

614.  casu  tanto,  at  the  stupendous  disaster.  — ore  locuta  est. 
Note  the  pleonasm.         vJ.'^^-'^-^>-^       c^^-C^l^^^rv^ 

616.  immanibus  oris,   to  these  savage  shpr.es,  an  apology. 
A.  225,  b  ;  H.  380,  4.  >    ~     -  '  --  '  "^  ^  ^  " '  j^.-<^<-l , 

617.  Tune,    sc.    es. —  ille,    that   ceZe^ra^ed.— Dardanio  An-     ^ 
chisae.    Greek  rhythm. 

618.  Simoentis  ad  undam.    Goddesses  were  supposed  to  bring 
forth  by  a  river-side.  O-A-^.-,,^*-'^    Vtt^  ^-^ 

619.  Teucrum.     Teucer  was  expelled  from   Salamis  by  his      71 
father  Telamon  for  coming  home  witliout  Ajax.  —  Sidona.    A.^ 
258,  h  ;  H.  .>S0,  II.  —venire,  strictly  venisse.    A.  288,  b  ;  H.  537, 1. 

621.  genitor,  i.e.  mi/  father.  Y  ^ 

623.  casus,   the  fate.— mihi.    A.  232,  a  and  b;  H.  388,  4.—    -* 
cognitus,  sc.  est.    A.  205,  d ;  H.  463,  1. 

624.  Pelasgi,  i.e.  Greek.    See  note  on  30. 

625.  Ipse  hostis,  Teucer  himself,  though  an  enemy.  —  Teucros, 
the  Trojans,  —insigni  laude  ferebat,  used  to  extol. 

626.  ortum,  sc.  esse.  —  volebat,  gave  out,  wished  it  understood. 
628.   per  multos  labores,  with  iac^aiam.         *~    ^     I    ^^t/^    ij 

^j.  voluit,  has  willed.  —  terra.    A.  258,  /;  H.  425,  II.^^uX^-<^  ^ 

"■^031.  simul  .  . .  simul,  at  the  same  time  both  . . .  and. 

632.  templis,  etc.,  proclaims  a  thanksgiving  in  the  temples, 
abl.  of  place.  >*«<.  «-Y- 

634  is  copied  with  some  exaggeration,  as  usual  (Homer  has 
twelve  sheep,  eight  boars,  and  two  oxen),  from  Od.  VIII.  59  seq.     )^ 

635.  terga  suum,  a  hundred  bristly  chines  of  bidktj  boars. '  ^^ 

636.  munera  and  laetitiam,  joyous  gifts,  are  in  apposition 
with  the  accusatives  above.  —  dii  =  diei.    A.  74,  a;  H.  121,  1.  ij;} 

'^  637.  domus  interior,  i.e.  the  atrium.  A.  193;  H.  440,  2,  N.  1. '  ^ 
>f^\  — splendida  agrees  with  the  subject,  but  belongs  in  sense  with  J 
yj-    the  predicate,  is  sumptuously  set  out  ivith  regal  pomp. 

639.   vestes,  coverlets,  sc.  sunt,  or  instruuntur  from  instruitur, 
,.     above.  —  ostro.    A.  251 ;  H.  419,  II.  '      ^>.UV4»    f^'      v 


NOTES.  75 

640.  ingens  probably  refers  both  to  the  size  and  number  of 
the  silver  dishes.  —  mensis  =  in  mensis.  a 

642.   ducta,  traced.  ,^,M^  vV^ 

644.  rapidum,  swiftly,  in  haste.  A.  191 ;  H.  443.  The  father's 
anxiety  denotes  haste.  ^^^XXi^-^ '^'^^         'Xr^  "^ 

645.  ferat  que  ducat,  sc.  ut,  to  denote  the  purpose  of  prae- 
mittit.  Some  make  it  for  the  imperative  of  the  direct  discourse. 
—  haec,  these  things  which  have  just  happened. 

646.  carl, /on(i,  loving,  subjective.  — stat,  centres  in. 

647.  ruinis.     A.  229;  H.  386,  2.  ^  "   ' 

648.  ferre,  sc.  tn(7».  —  pallam  .  .  .  rigentem,  stiff  loith  figures 
in  gold.  —  signis  aurocLue,  by  hendiadys  for  signis  ciureis. 

649.  and  a  veil  with  an  embroidered  border  of  yelloiv  acanthus. 

650.  ornatus,  in  appos.  with  pa^/am  and  velainen.  —  Argivae, 
i.e.  Grecian.  Helen  is  called  Argive,  and  said  to  come  from 
Mycenae,  probably  from  confusion  between  the  two  Atreidae  : 
Menelaus,  her  husband,  ruled  at  Sparta,  Agamemnon  at  Mycenae 
(near  Argos),  with  which  Helen  had  no  connection.  — Mycenis, 
with  extiderat. 

651.  cum  peteret.  A.  325;  H.  521,  II.  2  and  foot-note.— 
hymanaeos.  In  the  hexameter  the  four-syllable  ending  is  allow- 
able in  the  case  of  Greek  words. 

653.  quod  gesserat.  It  is  hard  to  say  why  Ilione  wore  a 
sceptre.  ^ ' 

654.  maxima,  sc.  natu.  —  colloqvie,  etc.,  and  for  the  neck  a  ^, 
headed  necklace  and  a  double  circlet  of  gold  and  gems.  r-^T 

656. ''Haec  celerans,  hastening  to  execute  i/iese  commands. 
^      658.  faciem  mutatus  et  ora,  having  changed  his  form  and 
face.    A.  240,  c;  H.  378.  H-V  C^OO  .   r"^ 

659.  veniat.  Subj.  of  purpose.—  donis,  with  incendat.  —  fu- 
rentem  is  prophetic,  lit.  may  inflame  the  frantic  queen,  for 
may  inflame  the  qiieen  and  make  her  frantic. 

660.  atque  ossibus  implicet  ignem,  and  insinuate  fire  into 
her  veins,  lit.  bones,  which  is  not  our  idiom. 


76  AENEIDOS.  ^  u  ^ 

(>61.  domum  ambiguam,  the  treacherous  house,  probably 
alluding  to  the  Avickedness  of  Pygmalion.  —  Tyrios  bilinguis. 
The  bad  faith  of  the  Carthaginians  was  so  proverbial  among  the 
Romans  that  Funica  fides,  "Punic  faith,"  was  a  commoni^lace 
for  tneachery. 

662.  uiit,  sc.  earn.  —  atrox  luno,  the  thou(/ht  of  cruel  Juno 
harasses  her.  —  sub  noct,em,  as  nifjht  comes  on. 

603.  his  dictis.  A.  248 ;  H.  419,  III.  —  aligerum,  "  compositum 
a  poeta  nomen."  4^  -^kX^ 

664.   solvLS  =  ta  qui  solus  es.'*"^'^  v-^w  \\ 

605.  Patris  suinmi  =  Jovi. — tela  Typhoea,  i.e.  which  slew 
Typhoeus,  the  giant.  Cupid  was  the  only  one  who  could  prevail 
against  Jove. 

660.  tua  numina  posco,  I  bee/  aid  of  thy  divinity.  Accusative 
of  theperso/i.    ^jy.  ^\jJU^   <>^jUi^^,  vv^<^    i^-^    *'^'~^^  AtJ^ 

607.  ut,  /iott\  — pelago.    A.  258,/;  H.  425,  II.  1.  r*-^--^    ''^^ 

608.  iactetur.  A.  3o4  ;  H.  529,  I.  The  clause  is  subject  of 
nota. 

669.  nota,  sc.  sunt  =  notum  est.  This  use  of  the  plural  is  a 
Greek  idiom.    H.  438,  3,  N.  —  nostro  =  meo. 

670.  tenet,  sc.  eza^i.  —  blandis  vocibus.    A.  2^8;  H.  420. 

671.  quo  se,  etc.,  and  I  fear  vjhither  Juno's  hospitality  turn 
itself,  i.e.  what  turn  it  may  take.  —  lunonia,  because  entertained 
in  Juno's  favourite  city. 

672.  baud  .  .  .  rerum,  Ju7w  ivill  not  be  inactive  at  such  a 
.turning-point  of  fortune.    Supply  luno  as  subject  implied  in 

lunonia.  ^"V^^"^  0^-*-*-V^"^     '*''  '"A-^"'^-^'^    cr*— 

673.  ante,  beforehand.        v%.,X'^V*-^-''V^ 

674.  ne  quo  .  . .  mutet,  lest  she  chanr/e  throuc/h  the  influence 
of  any  god,  of  course  with  especial  reference  to  Juno. 

675.  mecum,  xoith  me,  i.e.  held  as  I  am.  —  teneatur,  se.  ut, 
implied  from  ne  in  674. 

670.  Qua,  sc.  via.  A.  248;  H.  410,  III.  —  possis.  A.  334; 
H.  529,  I.    The  clause  depends  on  accipe  mentem.   .^ .^    c^  ^\XJ^  " 


NOTES.  77 

G77.  Regius  puer  =  Ascanius. — accitu.  Cause.  —  urbem  Sido- 

ma,m.  =  Carthar/inem.    "«>>-v.. — -vx-  ,. 

G79.  pelago  et  flammis.    Ablative  of  separatiou.    A.  243,  b; 
H.  414r,  N.  1.    Some  take  it  as  dative. 

— ^80.  hunc  ego,  etc.,  him  lulled  in  slumber  deep  ivill  I  hide  in 
some  sacred  shrine  on  lofty  Cythera  or  on  Idalium,  lest  in  any 
way  he  be  able  to  learn  our  plots  or  to  appear  in  their  midf>t. 
Such  appearance  would,  of  course,  be  fatal.  —  spmtum  recondam 
=  sopiam  et  recondam.—somno.  A.  245;  HV4lb.  —  Cythera 
was  a  mountainous  island,  hence  the  epithet  alta. 

681.  sacrata  sede  signifies  a  temple  consecrated  to  Venus. 

682.  ne  qua,  sc.  via.  —  possit.    Subj.  of  negative  puri)ose. 

683.  faciem  falle  dolo,  craftily  personate  his  looks. —  noctem.    \Zi^ 
V     non  amplius  unam,  not  more  than  one  night.    A.  247,  c ;  256 -f^^^^ 

H.  417,  N.  2  ;  379.  ^vv-t 

-f^   ^  684.  et  notos  .  .  .  voltus,  and  assume  the  boy's  ivell-knoivn 
^    features,  thyself  a  boy,  which  would  make  the  task  easier. 

^,^,^JL  686.  mtevmenssiS,  amidst  the  banquet.  Ct.  inter  pocula,  inter 
vina.  — laticem  Lyaeum,  the  jioioing  vine.  Lyaeus  was  a  name 
given  Bacchus,  from  Kvetv,  to  loose,  because  he  frees  one  from 
care  and  anxiety. 

688.  fallasque  veneno,  sc.  cam,  beguile  her  loith  the  poison 
of  love.  iiCy^ 

689.  dictis.    A.  227 ;  H.  385,  I.  CbO-V    l^^    'I    ITU^^'-^ 

690.  gressu,  with  incedit.—gaMdens  implies  the  zest  with 
which  Cupid  enters  into  the  role.     »vC''v\x<-'6">^^     X'•'l^■tA-^*'*^^ 

-^  692.  inrigat,  sheds  deioy  sleep,  the  rest  coming  down  like  / 
dew  or  rain.  —  fotum,  from  foveo.  —  gremio.  ^  A.  258,  /;  H.  425,  ^C^ 
II.  1.  '      ^^^^^ 

693.  amaracus.    The  fragrance  of  the  marjoram  of  Cyprus 
was  proverbial. 

694.  floribus  et  umbra,  with  complectitur.    Abl.  of  means.  — 
adspirans,  breathing  forth  fragrance  upon  him.  ^ 

695.  ibat,  portabat.    Note  the  force  of  these  imperfects. — 
dicto.    A.  227 ;  H.  385,  I.  ,  ^^\. 


78  AEN  FIDOS. 

006.  Tyriis,  for  the  Tyrians.  Dat.  of  the  recipient.  —  duce 
Achate  denotes  the  cause  of /aeitfs.  (^  ^.^s^-v^^^^-     A>^"'(rv-^^ 

Gi)7.  vgnit  is  historical  present,  and  joined  with  the  perfect 
definite,  coinposuit  and  locavit.  —  aulaeis  superbis,  beneath  the 
splendid  tajjestrles,  probably  arranged  as  a  canopy  around  Dido's 

698.  aurea  is  a  dissyllable.  — sponda.     A.  258,/;  H.  425,  II.  1. 

—  mediamque  locavit,  so.  se,  from  697. — mediam  is  *' in  the  ,  x, 

place  of  honour,"  between  Aeneas  and  Ascanius,  or  with  tlie  ^ 

Trojans  on  the  one  side  and  the  Carthaginians  on  the  other.         K  I  / 

700.  stratoque  super  discumbitur  ostro,  and  they  recline  ony^""^^ 
purple  coverlets,  lit.  it  is  reclined.    A.  146,  c ;  H.  465,  1.    This 
description  is  an  anachronism,  the  Roman  customs  being  in  the 
poet's  mind.    In  the  heroic  age  people  sat  at  banquets. 

701  seq.    Cf.  Homer,  Od.  I.  106  seq.     'A  handmaid  bare  water 
for  the  washing  of  hands  in  a  goodly  golden  ewer,  and  poured  it 
forth  over  a  silver  basin  to  wash  withal,  and  drew  to  their  side 
a  polished  table.     And  a  grave  dame  bare  wheaten  bread  and 
set  it  by  them  and  laid  on  the  board  inany  dainties,  giving 
freely  of  such  things  as  she  had  by  her.    And  a  carver  lifted  and 
placed  by  them  platters  of  divers  kinds  of  tlesh,  and  nigh  them 
he  set  golden  bowls,  and  a  henchman  walked  to  and  fro  ])ouring  ^. 
out  to  them  the  wine'  (B.  and  L.).  —  manibus, /ur  the  hands.  ^  ■ 
A.  224;    H.  384. —  Cererem  =  pa?iem.  ,  Metonomy.  —  canistris.     ^^ 
A.  258,  a  ;  H.  412,  2.   ^^v^  ^rv^^J-^^^-^      ^^  ^  UX:f^      ^  "'Zl^ 

702.  expediunt  ^proferunt,  they  serve.  —  tonsis,  ^tosety  cut. 

703.  intus,  i.e.  in  the  kitchen.  — famulae,  sc.  siint.  —  ordine,  <^.  '- 
in  proper  order  of  courses.  —  longam  penum  =  Zo/i^«m  seriemj^jj[' 
dapum,  the  long  series  of  viands.  ^ 

704.  cura,  sc.  est.  —  et  flammis  adolere  Penates,  and  to  light 
the  sacred  hearth  ivith  flames. 

705.  aliae,  sc.  famulae  sunt.  —  aetate.    Abl.  of  respect. 

706.  qui.  A.  187,  b;  H.  439,  2.  — onerent  et  ponant.  Subj. 
of  purpose. 

707.  Nee  non  et  =  et  quoque,  and  the  Tyrians  too,  a  very  rare 
combination  in  Vergil,  but  cf.  748.  A.  150;  H.  553.  —  limina  = 
tecta.  —  frequentes,  in  crowds. 


NOTES.  79 

708.  pictis,  sc.  acu,  embroidered. 

710.  flagrantis  voltus.    The  god  of  love  would  naturally  have 
*  glowing  features.' 

712.  infelix  Phoenissa,   i.e.  Dido.  — pesti  devota  futurae, 
doomed  to  coming  destruction.      ^f^ju^.iyO^  JU 

713.  expleri  mentem.    feL32o)  NV— tuendo,  a8  &he  ga^r\  ^^^^^ 
lit.,  in  gazing.    A.  301;  H.  542,  IV.       (l^^^v^VoJ^-^-^ ^  (^^^ 

716.  falsi  =  non  veri,  i.e.  prHended.  —  genitOTis  is  subjective. 

717.  Haec,  s7ie.  — oculis  and  pectore  denote  manner. 

718.  haeret,  sc.  innuero,  clings  to  him. 

719.  insideat.  Indirect  question  depending  on  nescia.  —  mise- 
rae,  sc.  ci.    A.  228 ;  H.  386. ,      ^^^^ 

720.  matris.  A.  218,  %Vl^.  SOgTi.  2.  — Acidaliae,  so  called 
from  a  spring  in  Boeotia,  where  she  was  wont  to  bathe.— 
Sychaeum,  i.e.  the  memojry  of  Sychaeus. 

721.  vivo  amore,  i.e.  love  for  a  living  person.  —  praevertere, 
to  x>reoccupy. 

X     722.  iam  pridem,  etc.,  her  spirits  now  long  cold  and  heart 

now  dead  to  love. 
,-^723.  quies,   sc.   A/iY.  — epulis.    Dative.  —  mensae  remotae, 

sc.  siint,  is  literally  true.    Cf.  216,  N. 
721.  crateras  magnos,  great  boivls  in  which  the  wine  was 

mixed  with  water.    A.  64;  H.  68.  -vina  coronant,  wreathe  the 

wine  ivith  floioers,  i.e.  cover  the  bowls  with  garlands  of  floweps^^^^ 

725.  tectis.     A.  225,  6 ;  H.  380,  4.     (J^^^  ^^' 

726.  laquearibus  aureis,  from  the  gilded  fretted  ceilings. 
A.  258,  a  ;  H.  412,  2. 

727.  incensi,  ore  lighted  and  hang. 

728.  Hie,  hereupon.  Cf.  the  temporal  sense  of  hinc,  vbi,  etc. 
—  gravem  gemmis  auroque,  cup  heavy  vnth  gems  and  gold,  by 
hendiadys  for  a  massive  cup  of  gold  studded  loith  gems. 

729.  quam  is  governed  by  implere,  to  be  supplied  with  soliti 
in  730. —  omnes,  sc.  orti. 


80  AENEIDOS. 

730.  a  Belo,  from  Belus,  the  first  kins:  of  Tyre,  not  Dido's 
father.  —  soliti,  sc.  erant  implere  vino,  —facta,  sc.  sunt. 

731.  hospitibus  in  its  true  sense  of  hospitalities,  including 
both  guests  and  hosts.  —  nam  implies  an  ellipsis,  and  I  call  upon 
thee,  for. 

732.  laetum.  Cf.  laetum  augnrium.  —  Txoid^  profectis,  sc. 
Us,  to  those  having  set  out  from  Troy. 

733.  velis.  A.  26G;  H.  4S4.  I.  — huius,  sc.  diei.  For  the  case, 
A.  219:  H.  40f),  II.  —  meminisse.  For  the  tense,  A.  143,  N. ; 
H.  297,  I.  2.  —  minores,  posterity. 

734.  bona  luno,  kindly  Juno. 

735.  coetum  =  convivium.  "  And  ye  Tyriaus  throng  the  feast 
with  friendly  spirit." 

736.  laticum  honorem,  the  offering  of  ivine.  —  libavit.  It 
was  the  custom  to  jiour  out  a  small  portion  of  the  wine  as  an 
offering  to  the  gods. 

737.  libato,  sc.  honore  (abl.  abs.)  =postquam  lihatum  est. — 
summo  tenus  ore,  lit.,  as  far  as  the  tip  of  her  mouth,  i.e.  she 
merely  touched  it  with  her  lips. 

738.  Bitias  is  a  Carthaginian.  —  increpitans,  i.e.  inviting  him 
to  drink.  —  ille  inpiger,  etc.,  he  eagerly  drained  the  foaming 
goblet  and  dreiic/ied  himself  from  the  brimming  golden  cup,  i.e. 
with  its  contents. 

740.  proceres.  sc.  Imuserunt.  —  Cithara  aurata,  iritli  his 
golden  harp.  —  CTinitus,  long  haired,  in  imitation  of  Apollo,  the 
patron  of  poets  and  musicians. 

741.  personat, /?7/.s-  tlie  room  with  sound.  —  Atlas  had  a  pro- 
found knowledge  of  physics  and  astronomy,  according  to  all  the 
legends,  and  is  introduced  here  as  of  African  origin. 

742.  Hie,  i.e.  lopas.  —  Note  the  chiastic  arrangement,  errantem 
lunam,  solisque  labores ;  also  the  use  of  the  accusative  after 
canit.  —  labores,  eclipses. 

743.  unde,  sc.  sint.  —  ignes  probably  is  for  fulmina. 

744.  pluvias,  because  they  set  at  nightfall  in  the  rainy  months. 

745.  746.   Copied  from  Georgic  II.  481,  482.    Why  the  days  are 


NOTES.  81 

so  short  in  winter  and  so  long  in  summer.    The  ancients  believed 
that  the  sun  set  in  the  ocean.  —  noctibus.    A.  228;  H.  386. 

747.  Ingeminant  plausu,  applaud  rej^eatedhj . 

748.  Nee  non  et.  See  707.  — sermone:  manner. —trahebat, 
was  prolonging.  -v 

749.  infelix.  See  712,  719.  —  longumque  bibebat  amorem, 
and  deep  the  draught  of  love  she  drank. 

7.51.  Aurorae  filius,  the  beautiful  Memnon.    Cf.  489. 

752.  Diomedis  equi,  sc.  essent.  Vergil  has  perhaps  mixed  up 
the  horses  of  Diomede,  the  Thracian,  which  ate  human  flesh, 
and  those  of  Diomede  in  the  Iliad,  or  the  reference  may  be 
merely  to  Diomede  in  his  war-chariot.  — Achilles,  sc.  esset. 

753.  Immo,  nai/,  rather,  i.e.  instead  of  answering  such  ques- 
tions, tell  us  the  whole  story.  — hospes,  mij  guest. 

755.  septima  aestas  {=septimus  amius),  for  now  the  seventh 
summer  bears  thee  a  wanderer  on  land  and  sea.  The  desired 
story  of  Aeneas  is  contained  in  the  second  and  third  books. 


VOOABULAEY. 


VOOABULAEY. 


(LATIN-ENGLISH.) 


a,  ab,  prep.  lo.  abl,  from,  forth 

^  from ;  of  the  agent,  by. 

Abas,  -antis,  m.,  Abas,  121. 

abdo,  -dere,  -didi,  -ditum,  v. a., 
put  aside,  shut  up,  60.  [ab ; 
do.] 

S.b'eo,  -Ire,  -ii,  -itum,  v.n.,  go 
away,  depart,  196,  415.  [ab ; 
eo.] 

ab'dleo,  -ere,  -ui,  -itum,  v.a., 
blot  out,  720.  [root  OL  or 
OLE  =  grow  ;  cp.  subOLes, 
prOLes.] 

ab-reptus,  -a,  -um,  part,  of 

abripio,  -ere,  -ripui,  -reptum, 
v.a.,  carry  off,  108.  [ab; 
rapio.] 

ab'sisto,  -ere,  -stiti,  — ,  v.n.,  de- 
sist, cease,  192.  [ab;  sisto,  re- 
duplicated form  of  root  STA.] 

ab'sum,  -esse,  -fui,  v.n.,  be 
wanting,  584.     [ab  ;  sum.] 

absumo,  -ere,  -sumpsi,  -sump- 
tum,  v.a.,  take  away,  remove, 
555.     [ab ;  sumo  =  sub'emo.] 

Sic,  co-ord.  conj.,  and,  and 
moreover  (only  before  con- 
sonants) . 


acanthus,  -i,  m.,  bear's  foot,  so 
called  from  the  resemblance 
of  its  leaf  to  a  bear's  claw; 
649,  711. 

ac-cedo,  -ere,  -ssi,  -ssum,  v.n., 
approach,  307,  509.  [ad; 
cede] 

acxendo,  -ere,  -i,  -sum,  v.a., 
inflame.  [ad ;  root  CAN, 
root  CAND=  shine;  cp.  can- 
didus  =  shining,  white ;  can- 
dela,  candeo.] 

ac'census,  -a,  -um,  inflamed, 
enraged,  29.     [accendere.] 

ac'cestis,  syncopated  form  for 
accessistis,  201. 

acxingo,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a., 
gird,    [ad  ;  cingo  =  surround.] 

ac'cipio,  -ere,  -cepi,  -ceptum, 
v.a.,  receive,  304,  434;  let  in, 
123;  welcome,  290,  685  ;  hear, 

676.  [ad;  capio.] 
ac'citus,  -us,  m.,  a  summons, 

677.  [ad ;   cit-,   supine  stem 
of  eieo.] 

ac'cumbo,  -ere,  -cflbui,  -cubi- 

tum,  v.n.,  recline,  sit,  79. 
acer,   acris,  acre,  adj.,  brave, 


85 


86 


LA  TIN-EN  GLISH 


spirited,  220,  444.     [root  AK,  j 
which     is    short     in     Scus, 
needle,  acies,  etc.] 

acerbus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.,  bitter, 
cruel,  (JG.S.     [root  AK.] 

Acestes,  -ae,  m.,  a  companion 
of  Aeneas. 

Achates,  -ae  and  -i,  m.,  the 
armour-bearer  and  friend  of 

^  Aeneas. 

Achilles,  -is,  m.,  the  best  war- 
rior and  fiercest  temper  of 
the  Greeks  at  Troy,  son  of 
Peleus,  king  of  Thessaly, 
and    Thetis,    a    sea-nymph, 

^  458,  475,  752.    Achilli,  (/en.  oO. 

Achivi,  -orum,  m.,  Achaeans 
or  Greeks,  488. 

Acidaiius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Acida- 
liau,  an  epithet  of  Venus 
from  the  Acidalian  fount  in 
Boeotia  where  the  Graces, 
Venus'  attendants,  bathed. 

S,cies,  -ei,  /.,  line,  line  of  battle, 
489.  [root  AK,  sharp;  cj). 
acer,  acus,  needle.] 

actus,  -a,  -um,  driven,  espe- 
cially by  some  higher  power 
{e.g.  luno,  the  wintls,  etc.) ; 
32,"  240,  333,  391.      [part,   of 

JlgO.] 

acutus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  sharp, 
pointed,  45,  144.  [part,  of 
acuCre,  sharpen  ;  root  AK.] 

ad,  prep.  w.  ace,  against,  24 ; 
towards,  93;  to,  8(5,  103,  etc.; 
to,  met.  64. 

ad'do,  -dCre,  -didi,  -ditum,  v.a., 
give  in  addition,  add,  2G8, 
592.     [ad;  do.] 


ad'eo,  -Ire,  -li,  -itum,  v.n.,  ap- 
proach, encounter,  10.  [eo, 
so.] 
ad'eo,  adv.,  to  such  an  extent, 
so,  567.  [ad ;  eo  =  to  that 
point.] 
adflictus,  -a,  -um,   shattered, 

452.     [ad;  fligo.] 
ad'flo,  -are,   -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

breathe  into,  inspire,  591. 
ad'for,  -fari,  -fatus  sum,  ?'.  dep., 

address,    063.      [ad ;   for,  cp. 

fama,  <f)>)/xt.] 
adforein,/ro??i  adsum,  576. 
adhuc,  adv.,  hitherto,  as  yet, 

547. 
ad'loquor,  -i,  -luciitus  sum,  v. 

dep.,  address,  229,  594.    [ad ; 

loquor.] 
adnitor,  -i,  -nixus  and  -nisus, 

V.    dep.,    lean    against,    144. 

[ad :  nitor.] 
ad'no,  -fire,  -avi,  -atum,  v.n., 

swim  to,  538.     [ad  ;  no.] 
adnuo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n.,  promise 

with  a  nod,  250.     [root  NU  = 

nod  ;  cp.  7iu-tus,  nu-to,  a.h-mio 

=  I  refuse  with  a  nod.] 
adSleo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.a.,  light  up, 

704,  n.      [(1)  root  OD,  0L  = 

smell ;  (2)  root  OLE  =  grow.] 
ad'oro,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

worship,   honour,    48.      [ad; 

oro.] 
adpello,   -Cre,  -puli,   -pulsum, 

r.<(.,    drive    to,     377.      [ad; 

pello.] 
adspiro,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

breathe     forth,     (594.       [ad; 

spiro.] 


VOCABULARY. 


87 


adsto,  -are,  -iti,  -itum,  v.7i., 
stand  by  (ad  suggesting  at- 
tention), 152.     [ad;  sto.] 

ad'sum,  -esse,  -fui,  v.n.,  am 
present,  595,  73i.     [ad  ;  sum.] 

ad'surgo,  -ere,  -surrexi,  -sur- 
rectum,  v.n.,  rise,  535.  [ad; 
surge] 

ad-veho,  -ere,  -vexi,  -vectura. 
v.a.,  bear  to,  558.    [ad ;  veho.] 

ad'venio,  -ire,  -veui,  -ventum, 
v.n.,  come  to,  388.  [ad; 
venio.] 

ad- versus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  oppo- 
site, 16G,  420.  Neut.pl.  adv., 
full  in  front,  103.     [adverto.] 

ad'verto,  -ere,  -ti,  -sum,  v.a., 
turn  towards,     [ad ;  verto.J 

ad'ultus,  -a,  -um,  full  grown, 
[part,  of  adolesco.] 

Aeacides,  -ae,  m.,  Aeacides, 
son  (at  99  grandson)  of  Aea- 
cus,  the  king  of  Aegina.  The 
name  applies  to  his  son 
Peleus,  grandson  Achilles, 
great  -  grandson  Pyrrhus. 
[patronymic  of  Aeacus.] 

aeger,  -gra,  -grum,  adj.,  sick, 
siek  at  heart,  208,  351. 

Aeneadae,  -arum  or -vim,  m.  pi., 
followers  of  Aeneas,  167,  565. 
[patronymic  of  Aeneas.] 

Aeneas,  -ae,  m.,  s.  of  Anchises 
and  Venus,  the  hero  of  the 
Aeneid.     [Gk.  Aii-eta?.] 

aenum,  -i,  n.,  chaldron,  213. 
[aes  (aeris),  copper,  bronze.] 

^enus,  -a,  -um,  brazen,  449. 

Aedlia,  -ae,/.,  the  home  of  the 
winds,    Lipara    one    of    the 


Aeolian     islands     north     of 

Sicily;  52  ff. 
Aedlus,    -i,    m.,   king   of    the 

winds,  52  ff. 
aequo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

make    equal,    divide    fairly, 

193,  508.     [aequus.] 
aequdr,  -oris,  n.,  surface  of  the 

sea,  sea,  29,  67,  etc. ;  pi.,  43, 

142,  etc.     [aequus,  level.] 
aequus,  -a,  -um,   adj.,  propi- 
tious, 479. 
aer,  aeris,  m.,  air,   300;   mist, 

411.      [=  Greek    o^p,    which 

accounts      for      ace.      sing. 

aera.] 
aereus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  brazen, 

bronze,  448.     [aes.] 
aes,    aeris,    n.,     copper,     esp. 

bronze,  33,  449.     [^'.e.  an  alloy 

of  copper  with  tin  ;  not  brass, 

which  is  an  alloy  of  copper 

with  zinc] 
aestas,  -atis,  /.,  summer,  265, 

430, 756.    [=  the  burning  time, 

root  IDH  =  burn;   cp.  aedes, 

the  place  of  a  fire.] 
aestus,  -us,  vi.,  surging  flood, 

107.     [i.e.  boiling,  from  root 

IDH ;  see  aestas.] 
aetas,  -atis,  /.,  age,  time,  283. 

[contr.  from  aevitas.] 
aether,   -eris,    m.,    upper    air, 

heaven,    90,    223,    379;    air, 

587.    [Gk.  aie-np.] 
aetherius,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    of 

heaven,  lofty,  394. 
Agenor,    -oris,    in.,    king    of 

Phoenicia,  and  so  an  ancestor 

of  Dido,  338. 


88 


L  A  TIN-EN GL  TSH 


agger,    -6ris,    m.,    heap,    112. 

[ad;  gero.] 
agm§n.   -inis,   n.,  close  order, 

baud,   82,   ISfi,  393,  434,  4iK). 

[root  AG ;  cp.  ago.] 
agnosco,  -ere,  -gnovi,  -gnitum, 

v.a.,  recognise,  40(5,  470,  488. 

[root  (iNO,  GNA ;  cp.  nomen.] 
agnus,  -i,  ni.,  lamb,  035. 
3,go,    -ere,     egi,    actum,    v.a., 

drive,  70, 117,  191 ;  treat,  574 ; 

imperative,  S-ge,  753,  S,gite, 

027  =  come. 
Aiax,  -iicis,  m.,  Ajax,  the  lesser, 

the  son  of  Olleus.    [Gk.  Aia?.] 
aio,  ais,  ait,  r.  defect.,  say,  142, 

297,  438,  595. 
ala,  -ae,  /.,  wing,  301,  397,  689. 

[contr.  from  axilla.] 
Alb§,,   -ae,  /.,  Alba  Longa,  a 

long   ridge    about    15    miles 

S.E.  of  Rome,  where  Aeneas' 

successors  reigned  until  the 

founding  of  Rome. 
Albanus,  -a,  -uni,  adj.,  Alban, 

of  Alba,  7. 
al§s,  -itis,  m.f.,  bird;  lovis  a., 

eagle,  394.     [ala.] 
Aletes,  -ae  and  -is,  m.,  a  com- 
panion of  Aeneas.       [iArynj?, 

wanderer.] 
aliger,    -gCra,    -ggrum,    adj., 

winged,  (i()3.     [ala;  gero.] 
S,liquis,  -qua,  -quid,  adj.,  some, 

4()3.     [ali- =  some,  quis.] 
aiitSr,    adr.,    otherwise,    399. 

[alis  =  alius,  -ter;  cp.  fortiter, 

breviter.] 
S,lius,  -a,  -lid,  adj.,  other,  an- 
other ;  2il- ,  others ;  answering 


to  pars,  213;  alii  .  .  .  alii, 
some  .  .  .  others,  427.  [c}). 
Gk.  aAAo9,  Eng.  else.] 

al'ligo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 
bind,  109.     [ad;  ligo.] 

almus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  kindly, 
genial,  300, 018.  [contr.  from 
alimus,  alo  =  nourish  ;  cp.  Gk. 

Tp60i(U.os //*0»i  Tpc(/)a;.] 

alte,  -ins,  -issime,  adv.,  high, 
337, 500.     [alius.] 

altSr,  -era,  -erum,  adj.,  a 
second,  544.  [root  AL,  cp. 
alius ;  -ter  =  dual  termina- 
tion, cf.  neuter,  uter.] 

altum,  -i,  n.,  the  deep,  3;  deep 
Avater,  110.     [altus.] 

altus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  high,  01, 
95,  189,  etc.;  deep,  20,  209; 
glorious,  7.  [orig.  part,  of 
alo.] 

S,inans,  -antis,  m.f.,  lover, 
loving  wife,  352.     [amo.] 

S,niar§,cus,  -i,  mf.,  marjo- 
ram. 

Amazdnis,  -idis,  /.,  Amazon, 
one  of  a  tribe  of  female 
warriors  who  dwelt  on  the 
Thennodon. 

ambages,  -is,  /.,  circuit,  pi. 
details,  'M2.  [root  AMB,  cp. 
Gk.  (iur^i ;  ago.] 

ambiguus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  faith- 
less,    [amb-tgo,  i.e.  ambago.] 

ambo,  -:ie,  -o,  adj.  plur.,  both, 

4r)S.       [i-p.  Gk.  a(a0a>.] 

ambrSsius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  am- 
brosial, [lit.  immortal:  Am- 
brosia was  the  food  of  the 
Olympian  gods.] 


VOCABULARY. 


89 


amictus,   -us,  m.,  cloak,  412. 

[aniifio.] 
amictus,  -a,  -urn,  jxirt.,  clad. 

famicio.] 
amicus,  -i,m.,  friend,  486.     [cp. 

aiuo.] 
a'mitto,  -ere,  -misi,  -missum, 

lose.  j 

S,mor,  -oris,  m.,  love,  344,  644,  j 

etc.;    pL,   350;    longing  for,; 

lust  after,   171,   349.     Love, 

i.e.  Cupid,  the  son  of  Venus, 

663,  689,  f. 
amplexus,  -us,  m.,  an  embrace, 

687.     [amplector.] 
amplius,  adv.,  more  (does  not 

iutluence    the    constr.),   683. 

[comp.  of  ample.] 
amplus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  spacious, 

725. 
Amycus,  -i,  m.,  one  of  Aeneas' 

followers,  221. 
an,  covj.,  or,  or  whether. 
Anchises,  -ae,    m.,    father   of 

Aeneas,     who     carried    him 

from    burning   Troy  on    his 

shoulders ;  he  died  in  Sicily. 
anchora,  -ae,/.,  anchor-, 
anima,  -ae,/.,  breath  of  life, 
animus,  -i,  m.,  mind,   11,  26, 

149,    etc.;    disposition,    304; 

2)1,   spirits,    202,   722;    rage, 

57,  153. 
annales,  -ium,  pL,  history,  373. 

[sc.  libri,  annus.] 
annus,  -i,  m.,  year.     [cp.  anus, 

a  ring.] 
ante,  adr.  of  time,  before,  198, 

374,  673;    prep.    w.    ace,  of 

place,  95,  114,  etc. ;  met.  347. 


Antenor,  -oris,  m.,  a  Trojan, 

who,  after  the  fall  of  Troy, 

settled  in  Patavium. 
Antheus  (dissyllable),  -60s,  m., 

a  follower  of  Aeneas, 
antiquus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  ancient, 

12,  375,  etc. ;  old  in  story,  531. 
antrum,  -i,  n.,  a  cave,  cavern, 

52.      [ai'Tpoi'.] 

aper,  -pri,  m.,  wild  boar,  324. 
aperio,   -ire,  -ui,    -rtum,   v.a., 

open,  make  a  way  through, 

107,  146. 
§,pertus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  open, 

clear,  155,  394,  587.     [aperio.] 
apis,  -is,/.,  bee,  430. 
appareo,  -ere,  -ui,  -itum,  v.7i., 

appear,  am  to  be  seen,  118. 

[ad ;  pareo.] 
applico,  -are,  -ui,  -itum  (-avi, 

-atum),   v.a.,   drive    to,    616. 

[ad ;  plico.] 
apto,    -are,    -avi,   -atum,   v.a., 

fashion,  552.     [root  AP  =  fit,] 
apud,  pre;:',  loith  ace,  at,  in, 

among,  with, 
aqua,  -ae,  /.,  water,  105;  p?., 
„  167. 
Aquilo,  -onis,  m.,  north  wind, 

Aquilo,   102;   pZ.,   391.      [cp. 

aquila.] 
ara,  -ae,  /•  usu.  pi.,  altar,  49, 

334,  355 ;  of  the  Penates,  349 ; 

The  Altars,  109. 
arbor,  -oris,/.,  tree,  311. 
arbdreus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  branch- 
ing, 199.     [arbor.] 
arcanum,  -i,  n.,  a  secret,  hid- 
den thing,  262.    [root  ARC  = 

keep  close;  cp.  arceo.] 


90 


Lji  TIN-EyOLISII 


arceo,   -ere,    i\a.,  keep  away, 

ol :  drive  forth,  -iSo. 
Arcturus,  -i,  m.,  the  brightest 

star  iu  constellation  Bootes; 

hence,   the    constellation   it- 
self, lU. 
arcus,  -us,  m.,  bow,  187,  318. 
ardeo,  -ere,  arsi,  arsum,  v.n.,  ! 

blaze. 
ardesco,  -ere,  arsi,  v.n.,  kindle, 

become  enamoured,  713. 
argentum,  -i,  n.,  silver,   359, 

olKJ;  silver  plate,  640.     [root 

ARG  =  white.] 
Argi,  -oruui,  m.,  Argos,  a  city 

iu  North-East    Peloponnese, 

24.  285. 
Argivi,  -orum,  m.,  Argives,  i.e. 

Greeks,  40. 
Argivus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Argive, 

(I.IO. 

aridus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  dry,  175. 
arma,  -orura,  n.,  arms, 
armentum,   -i,    ii.,   a   herd,   a 

drove,  185.     [aro  =  plough.] 
arrectus,  -a,  -um,  excited,  152, 

57i);  part.  of. 
arrigo,    -ere,    -rexi,    -rectum, 

r.d.,  excite,     [ad;  rego.] 
ars,   artis,  /.,  art,   skill,   039; 

pL,  tricks,  057.     [root   AR  = 

fit.] 
artifex,  -ficis,  m.f.,  artist,  455. 

[ars:  facio.] 
artus,  -uum,  m.plur.,  the  limbs, 

\i:\.    [root  AR  =  fit.] 
artus,     -a,     -um,     fast,     293. 

[arceo.] 
arvum,  -i,  n.,  field,  246,  569, 

[aro  =  plough.] 


AscS,nius.  -i,  m.,  Aeneas'  son, 
also  called  liilus,  267,  645, 
659,  691. 

a'scendo.  -ere,  -di,  -sum,  v.n., 
climb  up,  mount,  419.  [ad; 
scando.] 

Asia,  -ae,/'.,  Asia. 

a'specto,  -fire,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 
look  upon,  420.    [ad;  specto.] 

aspectus,  -us,  m.,  sight,  613. 
[supine  stem  of  aspicio.] 

asper,  -era,  -erum,  adj.,  rough, 
harsh,  279,  291 ;  sup.,  asper- 
rimus,  14. 

a'spicio,  -ere,  -spexi,  -spectum, 
v.a.,  look  upon,  393,  526. 

Assaracus,  -i,  m.,  Assaracus, 
king  of  Troy,  grandfather  of 
Anchises,  great  grandfather 
of  Aeneas,  284. 

ast,  cQ-aj.,  but  (not  so  strong 
as  sed),  4(5,  116. 

asto,  -are,  -stiti,  -stitum,  v.n., 
alight,  301.     [ad;  sto.] 

astrum,  -i,  n.,  star,  287.  [Eng. 
star.] 

at,  conj.,  but,  267,  305,  543,  637, 
657,  691. 

ater,  -tra,  -trum,  adj.,  black, 
dark,  (50,  89,  511. 

Atlas,  -antis,  m..  Atlas,  one  of 
the  Titans,  and  brother  of 
Prometheus  and  Epimetheus. 
"When  conquered  by  Jove  he 
was  changed  into  the  moun- 
tain in  North-West  Africa 
which  still  bears  his  name, 
741. 

atqu6,  conj.,  and,  and  more- 
over. 


VOCABULARY. 


91 


Atrides,  -ae,  m.,  Atrides,  son 

of  Atreus ;  pi.,  Atridae,  Aga- 
memnon and  Menelans.    ['At- 

peL8-n<;,  patronymic  of  Arpeu?.] 
atrium,  -i,  n.,  hall;  p^.,  halls, 

720. 
atrox,  -ocis,  adj.,  fierce,  662. 
attingo,    -ere,    -tigi,  -tactum, 

r.a.,  touch,  sip,  737. 
at'tollo,  -ere  (no  per/,  or  sup.), 

v.a.,  lift  up,  354. 
audeo,  -ere,  ausus  sum,  semi- 

dep.,  dare,  134,  493. 
audio,    -Ire,    -ivi,    -itum,   v.a., 

hear,  20,  32G,  373,  409.     \cp. 

auris.] 
augiirium,  -i,  n.,  augury,  392. 

[augur  =  bird-watcher.] 
aula,  -ae,/.,  hall,  140. 
aulaeum,    -i,    n.    pi.,    aulaea, 

curtains  over  a  couch,  697. 

[aula.] 
aura,   -ae,  /.,   air,  breeze,  59; 

breath  of  "life,  387,  54(3. 
auratus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  golden, 

741.     [aurum.] 
aureus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  golden, 

492,  698,  726.     [aurum.] 
auris,  -is,/.,  ear,  152,  375.    \cp. 

audio.] 
Aurora,  -ae,/.,  Aurora,  goddess 

of  dawn,  751.     [cp.  aurum.] 
aurum,  -i,  n.,  gold,     [root  UR 

=  burn  ;  cp.  Aurora.] 
Auster,    -tri,    m.,    the    south 

wind  personified,  51,  536. 
ausus,  -a,  -um,   (participle  of 

audeo),  ventured. 
aut,    conj.,    or;     aut  .  .  .  aut, 

either  .  .  .  or.     [cp.  alterum.] 


auxilium,  -i,  n.,  help,  358,  571, 

621.    [augeo.] 
avarus,   -a,  -um,    adj.,   avari- 
cious, 363.     [aveo  =  long  for.] 
a'velio,    -ere,    -vexi,    -vectum, 

v.a.,  carry  off,  512. 
a" versus,  -a,  -um,  jJart.,  turned 

away,  i.e.  unfavourable,  482. 
a'verto,   -ere,  -ti,    -sum,    v.a., 

drive  back,  38 ;    turn  aside, 

104 ;  drive  off,  472. 
avidus,   -a,  -um,    adj.,   eager, 

514.     [aveo.] 

Bacatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  beaded 

(of   pearls),    655.      [baca  =  a 

berry.] 
Bacchus,    -i,    m.,    the   god    of 

wine,    734;     hence    by    Me- 

tonomy,  wine,  215. 
barbarus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  sav^e, 

539.      [8ap/3apo?,] 

beatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  blessed, 
happy,  94.  [cj).  bene,  bo- 
nus.] 

bellatrix,  -tricis,  adj.,  warrior, 
493.     [fern,  of  bellator.] 

bello,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.n.,  to 
war,  466.     [bellum.] 

bellum,  -i,  n.,  war,  5,  14,  23, 
48,  etc.     [=duellum.] 

Belus,  -i,  VI.,  (i.)  the  first  king 
of  Tyre,  729;  (ii.)  Dido's 
father,  621. 

benignus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  kindly, 
304.  [bene;  root  GEN,  cp. 
malignus.] 

bibo,  -ere,  bibi,  bibitum,  v.a., 
drink,  473,  749.  [redupl.  root 
BO ;  cp.  po-tus,  po-culum.] 


92 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


brlinguis,  -e,  adj.,  double- 
t()iiL;ued,  (j()l.     [bi-,  lingua.] 

bini,  -ae,  -a,  two  (poetically 
for  duo). 

bi-remis,  is,  /.,  galley,  a  ship 
with  two  tiers  of  oars,  182. 
[remus.] 

bis.  numerical  adv.,  twice,  71, 
;;81,  393. 

Bitias,  -ae,  m.,  Bitias,  a  Car- 
thaginian. 

blandus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.,  fond, 
civvessing,  070. 

bSnus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  good, 
kindly,  195,  734. 

brgvia,  -ium,  n.  pL,  shoals, 
111.     [brevis.] 

brSvitSr,  adv.,  briefly,  561. 
[brevis.] 

Byrsa,  -ae,  /.,  the  citadel  of 
Carthage,  307.  [Perhaps 
Greek  corruption  of  Bozrah.] 

Cado,  -6re,  cecidi,  casum,  v.n., 

full.  3;^:  push,  154. 
cadus,  -i,  ui.,  cask,  195.    [/caSo?.] 
caecus,    -a,   -um,    adj.,   blind, 

blinded,  349 ;  passive,  hidden, 

3.')(),  530. 
caedes,  -is,  /.,  slaughter,  471. 

[caedo  =  slay.] 
caelestis,    -e,    adj.,   heavenly, 

11,  387.     [caelum.] 
caelo,   -lire,   -avi,  -atum,    v.a., 

carve,  chase,  emboss,  040. 
caelum,   -i,   n.,    heaven,    sky, 

clime,  331. 
Caesar,  -ilris,  m.,  i.e.  Augustus, 

the  first  Roman  emperor  and 

patron  of  Vergil ;  born  B.C.  63, 


became  undisputed  master  of 

the  Roman  world  by  the  bat- 
tle of  Actium,  B.C.  31 ;  died, 

A.D.  14. 
caesaries,  -ei,/.,  flowing  locks, 

590. 
Caicus,  -i,  m.,  a  Trojan,  183. 
caleo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n.,  glow. 
campus,  -i,  m.,  plain,  97. 
canistrum,  -i,  n.,  basket,  701. 
cd,no,  -ere,  cecini,  cantum,  v.a. 

and  n.,  sing,  1,  742. 
cantus,  -us,  m.,  singing,  song, 

.398.     [cuno.] 
canus.   -a,    -um,    adj.,    hoary, 

ancient,  292. 
cd,pesso,  -ere,  -esslvi,  -essitum, 

v.a.,  perform,  77. 
c5.pio,  -ere,  cepi,  captum,  r.o., 

take,  seize,  073;  choose,  396. 
cS,put,  -itis,  n.,  head,  110,  127, 

189,  444. 
CS,pys,  -yos,  m.,  a  companion  of 

Aeneas,  183. 
career,   -eris,    7n.,   prison,    54, 

141. 
cardo,  -inis,  m.,    hinge,    449; 

critical  moment,  crisis,  672. 
carpo,  -Cre,  -psi,  -ptum,  r.a., 

seize     upon;     c.     auras  =  to 

bx-eathe. 
carus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  dear,  be- 
loved, 24;  act ir^e,  loving,  (J4:(}, 

()77.     [Fr.  cher.] 
casus,   -us,   in.,   fall,    mishap, 

disaster,  evil  fate,     [cado.] 
castrd,,  -Orum,  7i.pL,  camp,  472. 

[cp.  casa  =  hut.] 
caterva,     -ae,    /.,    company, 

497. 


VOCABULARY. 


93 


causa,  -ae,  /.,  cause,  reason,  8, 

25,  414. 
cS,vatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  hollow, 

hollowed,  310. 
cavus,   -a,  -um,   adj.,   hollow, 

81 ;  enshrouding,  516. 
cSlebro,  -rire,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

solemnise,  735.     [celeber ;  cp. 

creber.] 
c61er,  -eris,  -ere,  adj.,  quick, 

1ST. 
celero,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

hasten,  357,  656.     [celer.] 
cella,  -ae,/.,  cell,  433. 
celo,    -are,    -avi,    -atum,   v.a., 

hide.     [cp.  clam,  oc-cm^-o.] 
celsus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    high, 

lofty,  56,   183.      [root  CEL; 

cp.  collis,  ex'ceUo.] 
centum,  numeral  adj.,  one  hun- 
dred, 272,  295,  etc. 
Cerealis,  -e,  adj.,  of  Ceres,  i.e. 

of  corn,  177.     [Ceres.] 
Ceres,  Cereris,  /.,  the  goddess. 

of    agriculture,    hence,     by 

Metonomy,  corn,  177;  bread, 

701. 
cerno,  -ere,  crevi,  cretum,  v.a., 

perceive,   258,   365,   413,  440. 

[cp.  crimen.] 
certe,    adv.,    surely,   234,  328. 

[certus.] 
certo,   -are,   -avi,   -atum,   v.a., 

strive,  rival,  548.     [root  CER 

=  decide.] 
certus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  fixed,  62; 

selected,  trusty,  551,  576. 
cervix,  -Icis,/.,  neck,  402,477. 
cervus,  -i,  m.,  stag,  184. 
cesso,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,   v.n.. 


lag,  be  inactive,  672.    [frequ. 

of  cede] 
ceterus,   -a,  -um,   adj.,  other, 

the  rest  of;    usually  plural. 

[perhaps  akin  to  'eT€po<;.'] 
chdrus,  -i,  m.,  choir,  band,  449. 

[xopo;.] 

cieo,    -ere,    civi,    citum,    v.a., 

arouse,  stir  up,  541. 
cingo,    -ere,    -xi,    -ctum,    v.a., 

surround,    112;    invest,   673; 

gird,  398. 
cingulum,    -i,    n.,    belt,    492. 

[cingo.] 
circum,    (i.)    prep,  with  ace, 

around,    32,    56,    etc.;    after 

its  case,   466.      (ii.)   adverb, 

around,    117,    175,    311,    412. 

[petrified  ace. ;  cp.  adversum, 

coram,  partim.] 
circum'do,    -dare,    -dedi,   -da- 
tum, v.a.,  put  around,  i.e.  set 

in,  593 ;  encomj)ass,  368. 
circum -f  undo,      -ere,      -fudi, 

-fusum,  v.a.,  pour  around, 
circum-fusus,   -a,  -um,  part., 

poured    around,   enveloping, 

586. 
circum  texo,    -ere,    -ui,   -turn, 

v.a.,  weave  around, 
circum'textus,  -a,  -um,  part., 

woven  around,  649. 
cithara,     -ae,    /.,    lute,    740. 

[/cifJapa.] 

citius,  adv.,  more  quickly, 
quicker,  140.     [citus.] 

citus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  quick,  301.. 
[cieo.] 

clam,  adv.,  secretly,  350.  [see: 
celo.] 


94 


LA  Tiy-ENGLISH 


clamor,  -oris,  m.,  shoutius,  <S7, 

oli-l,  oil),     [root  CAL,   CLA, 
'    =call.] 
clarus,    -a,    -um,    atlj.,    clear, 

5S.S;     ijlorious,     284;      illus- 
trious, 550. 
classis,  -is,  /.,   tleet,   39,   128, 

etc. 
claudo,    -ere,   -si,    -sum,    v.a.,  ! 

sliut,    lil,     etc. ;     shut    in, 

311. 
claustrum,  -i,  n.,  barrier,  5G. 

[claudo.] 
Cloanthus,     -i,     m.,    one     of 

Aeneas'   followers,  222,  510, 

012. 
coepi,  -isse,  begin,  521. 
coetus,   -us,   m.,    throng,    398; 

festal    gatliering,    735.      [co- 
itus =  going  together.] 
co'gnitus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  heard 

of,  (i23. 
cognomen,  -Tuis,  n.,  surname, 

nauio,  2()7,  (523. 
co'gnosco,   -ere,    -gnovi,    -gni- 

tum,  v.a.,  learn,     [root  GNA 

=  know.] 
cogo,    -ere,     coegi,     coactum, 

r.d..  compel,  5(53.     [co-ago.] 
coliectus,  -a,  -um,  part.  pass. 

of  col'llgere,   gathered,   1-13, 

170;  in  middle  sense,  having 

gatliered,  320. 
colligo,    -ere,    -Icgi,    -lectum, 

?j.((.,  gather  together, 
collis,  -is,  m.,  hill,  419.     [see 

cclsus.] 
collum,  -i,  ??.,  neck,  654,  715. 
>c51o,  -ere,  colui,  cultum,  v.a., 

till,  532 ;  cherish,  10. 


colonus,    -i,    m.,    settler,    12. 

[colo.] 
cdlumna,  -ae,/.,  pillar,  428. 
c6ma,   -ae,  /.,   hair,   319,  403, 

47 1 .     [/c6ju.7j.] 
cdmitatus,    -a,    -um,    accom- 
panied, 312. 
cdmitor,  -firi,  -atus  sum,  v.  dep., 

accompany. 
commissum,   -i,   n.,  a   crime, 

13(i. 
com'mitto,  -ere,  -misi,  -missum, 

?'./(.,  tommit  a  crime,  231. 
commdveo,  -ere,  -movi,   -mo- 

tum,    v.a.,   move,    stir,    126, 

300. 
compages,  -is,  /.,   fastening, 

122,    293.      [con;    PAG  =  fix, 

cp.  paugo.] 
compello,    -are,    -fivi,   -atum, 

v.a.,  address,  581.    [root  PEL 

=  speak;  op.  apello.] 
compello,  -ere,  -puli,  -pulsum, 

r.a.,  drive. 
complector,    -ti,    -plexus,    v. 

dep.,    embrace,    094.      [con; 

PLEC  =  fold.] 
complexus,  -us,  m.,  embrace, 

715. 
compono,    -ere,   -posui,  -posi- 

tum,  v.a.,  calm,  135 ;   lay  to 

rest,  249,  .374.  698. 
compostus,  =  compositus,/?*om 

comi>ono,  249. 
compulsus,    -a,    -um,    part., 

driven. 
concilio,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

make  a  friend  to,  79.     [con; 

CAL  =  call,  i.e.  call  together.] 
conclude,  -ere,  -si,  -sum,  v.a., 


VOCABULARY. 


05 


shut  in,  i.e.  mark  out,  425. 
[claudo.] 

conxurro,  -ere,  -i,  -sum,  v.n., 
engage  in  battle  with,  493. 

concursus,  -us,  m.,  assem- 
blage, 509. 

con-do,  -dere,  -didi,  -ditum,  u.a., 
found,  build,  5,  33,  276,  etc. 

confido,  -ere,  -fisus  sum,  v.7i., 
trust,  452. 

con-fugio,-ere,  -fugi,  -fugitum, 
r.».,  tiee  for  refuge,  666. 

con"gressus,  -iis,  in,,  a  coming 
together,  match,  475.  [gra- 
dior.] 

coniungo,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum, 
r.a.,  join  together,  514. 

con-iunx,  -iugis,  m.,  husbaud, 
343,  354;  wife,  47.  [root 
lUG.] 

con-scendo,  -ere,  -di,  -sum,  v.a., 
climb  up,  180;  hence,  em- 
bark upon,  381.     [scando.] 

con-scius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  con- 
scious, 604.     [scio.] 

consido,  -ere,  -sedi,  -sessum, 
v.n.,  settle  together,  572. 

consilium,  -i,  n.,  plan,  pur- 
pose, design,  281,  658. 

con'sisto,  -ere,  -stiti,  -stitum, 
v.n.,  settle,  541,  629;  rest, 
643;  stop,  take  one's  stand, 
187,  226,  459. 

conspectus,  -us,  m.,  sight,  34, 
184. 

con'spicio,  -6re,  -spexi,  -spec- 
turn,  v.a.,  behold,  catch  sight 
of,  152,  487. 

constituo,  -6re,  -ui,  -utum, 
v.a.,  determine,  309. 


contendo,    -ere,    -di,    -ditum, 

v.n.,  endeavour. 
con"tingo,  -ere,  -tigi,  -tactum, 

v.a.,  touch,   413;   impers.,  it 

falls  to  the  lot  of. 
con-tra,  jirejy.  loith  ace,  over 

against,  opposite,  13;  adverb, 

in  answer,  7(),  325.     [con;  cp. 

intra,  infra,  extra.] 
contrarius,  -a,  -um,  a((/.,  oppos- 
ing, hostile,  239.     [contra.] 
contundo,  -ere,  -tudi,  -tiisum, 

v.Gj.  crush,  264. 
co'nubium,  -i,  n.,  wedlock,  73. 

[co,     niibo  =  marry    (of    the 

woman).] 
convello,  -ere,  -velli,  -volsum, 

v.a.,  tear  up,  shatter,  383. 
con'venio,  -Ire,  -veni,  -ventum, 

v.n.,  come  together,  assemble, 

361,  700,  708. 
con'verto,  -ere,  -ti,  -sura,  v.a., 

turn  towards,  81. 
convexum,  -i,   n.,  converging 

point,  310;  valley,  608. 
con"vexus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  con- 
verging,    [con'veho.] 
con'vivium,    -i,    n.,    banquet, 

638.     [con ;  vivo.] 
convolsus,//'om  convello. 
cobrior,   -iri,    -ortus    sum,    v. 

dep.,  arise,  148. 
copia,  -ae,  /.,  plenty,  freedom, 

520.     [co-,  opem.] 
cor,  cordis,  n.,  heart,  50,  209, 

562;    x>lw-al,  heart,  feelings, 

303,  722. 
coram,  i^rep.  icith  abl.,  in  the 

presence  of;  adverb,  face  to 

face,  520,  595. 


96 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


cornu,   -us,    7i.,    horn,    antler, 

liK).     [Gk.  Kepa^,  Eng.  horn.] 
c6rona,  -ae,  /.,  crown,  coronet, 

»).")."».     [cp.  curvus.] 
cdrono,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

crown,    wreathe,    724,    (see 

note). 
corpus,  -oris,  n.,  body,  70,  etc. ; 

form,  71. 
correptus,  -a,  -um,  from  cor- 

ripio. 
corripio,  -Cre,  -ripui,  -reptum, 

v.a.,  seize,  catch  up,  45,  100, 

etc. ;  hasten,  418. 
corrumpo,    -ere,    -rupi,    -rup- 

tuni,  r.d.,  spoil,  177. 
coruscus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  waving, 

quivering,  1(54.     [cornu.] 
costa,   -ae,  ./".,  side,   rib.     [Fr. 

cote,  cote.] 
cdthurnus,  -i,  m.,  a  high  boot, 

buskin,  337.     [k66opvos.] 
crater,  -eris,  m.,  mixing  bowl, 

7'_'4.       [/cparrjp,  rOOt  Kpa=  mix.] 

creber,      -bra,     -brum,     adj., 

abounding  in,  85;   frequent, 

90.     [see  celeber.] 
credo,  -ere,  -didi,  -ditnm,  7\n., 

believe,  218,387.    [ere  =  faith, 

do  =  put.] 
crinis,  -is,  m.,  hair,  480. 
crinitus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    long 

JKiired     (of     a    bard),     740. 

[crinis.] 
crisp 0,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

brandish,     313.        [crispus  = 

wavy.] 
cristatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  plumed, 

468.      [crista  =  tuft    on    the 

head.] 


cr6c§us,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  saffron- 
coloured,  649,  711.  [crocus  = 
saffron.] 

crudelis,  -e,  adj.,  cruel,  221, 
3()1  ?^,  547.     [crudus,  cruor.] 

cruentus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  bloody, 
29(5 .     [e  r  uor  =  go  r  e .  ] 

cum,  conj.,  when,  36,  148, 
etc. 

cum,  pre;9.  with  ahl.,  together 
with,  accompanied  by,  47,  55, 
et(\ 

cumulus,  -i,  m.,  heap,  mass, 
105.  [root  CUM  =  swelling ; 
cp.  tumeo,  tumulus.] 

cunctus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  all,  the 
whole,  154,  233;  usually 
plural,  518,  etc.  [=  co- 
iunctus.] 

Cupido,  -inis,  ?n.,  Cupid,  son  of 
Venus  and  god  of  love.] 

cur,  adv.,  why?  408.  [?  =  cui 
rei  or  quare.] 

cura,  -ae,/.,  care,  anxiety,  208, 
227,  etc' 

curro,  -ere,  cucurri,  cursum, 
v.n.,  run. 

currus,  -us,  m.,  chariot,  17, 
15(),  etc. 

cursus,  -us,  m.,  course,  324, 
5;M;  ahl,  swiftly,  157. 

cuspis,  -idis,/.,  point,  81. 

custos,  -odis,  m.f.,  guard  {col- 
lect} rp  ftinr/idar),  564,  n. 

Cyclop§us,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Cy- 
clopean, of  the  Cyclopes,  one- 
eyed  giants  who  dwelt  in 
Sicily,  201.        [Cyclops;    Ku- 

cycnus,  -i,  m.,  swan. 


VOCABULARY. 


97 


CymdthSe,  -es,  /.,  an  ocean- 
nymph,  144. 

Cynthus,  -i,  m.,  a  mountain  of 
Delos,  in  which  isle  Latona 
brought  forth  Apollo  and 
Diana. 

Cyprus,  -i,  /.,  a  large  island  in 
the  Levant  where  Venus  was 
especially  worshipi^ed,  622. 

Cythera,  -orum,  n.  pi.,  an 
island  off  the  south  coast  of 
the  Pelopounese,  sacred  to 
Venus,  680. 

Cytherea,  -ae,  /.,  Lady  of 
Cythera,  i.e.  Venus,  257,  657. 

Danai,  -orum,  m.,  Danai, 
Greeks,  30,  96,  598,  754. 

d^pes,  -um,  /.,  banquet,  pro- 
visions, 210^  706. 

Dardanides,  -ae,  in.,  sprung 
from  Dardanus,  Trojan. 

Dardanius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  de- 
scended from  Dardanus, 
founder  of  the  royal  race  of 
Troy. 

d^tor,  -oris,  m.,  giver,  734. 

de,  prep,  vxith  abl.,  from,  277, 
367,  533;  according  to,  318. 

dea,  -ae,  /.,  goddess,  17,  50, 
etc. 

d^corus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  beaute- 
ous, 589.  [root  DEC;  cp. 
decet.] 

decus,  -oris,  n.,  beauty,  592; 
ornament,  429. 

defessus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  tired 
out,  weary,  157.     [fatiscor.] 

de'figo,  -ere, -fixi,  -fixum,  v.a., 
fix,  226. 


defluo,  -ere,  -fluxi,  -fiuxum, 
v.n.,  flow  down,  404. 

de'hinc,  adv.,  hereupon,  then, 
131,  256. 

dehisco,  -ere,  -Ivi,  v.7i.,  yawn, 
10(). 

deinde,  adv.,  thence,  then,  195, 
614. 

DeiSpea,  -ae,/.,  a  nymph,  72. 

de'missus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  sent 
down,  descended,  288;  in 
middle  sense,  having  cast 
down  (see  note),  561. 

de"m.itto,  -ere,  -misi,  -missum, 
v.a.,  send  down,  297. 

demum,  adv.,  at  length,  629. 

deni,  -ae,  -a,  distributive  nu- 
meral, ten  each,  ten  (poeti- 
cally), 381. 

dependeo,  -ere,  -di,  -sum,  v.n., 
hang  down,  726. 

deripio,  -ere,  -ri])ui,  -reptum, 
v.a.,  tear  off,  211. 

de'sertum,  -i,  n.,  desert,  384. 

de'sisto,  -ere,  -stiti,  -stitum, 
v.n.,  leave  off  from,  give  up, 
37. 

de'spicio,  -ere,  -spexi,  -spec- 
turn,  t'.«.,  look  down  upon,  224. 

de'suesco,  -ere,  -suevi,  -suetum, 
v.n.,  I  become  unaccustomed. 

de'suetus,  -a,  -um,  unwonted, 
unused,  722. 

desiiper,  adv.,  from  above,  165, 
420. 

detrudo,  -ere,  -si,  -sum,  v.a., 
push  off,  145. 

deus,  -i,  m.,  god ;  gen.pl.,  deum 
(which  is  not  a  contracted 
form  of  deorum),  9;   di  and 


:i^' 


98 


LATIN-ENGLISH 


dis  are  often  found  for  dei 
and  (lets. 

devdnio,  -ire,  -veni,  -ventum, 
v.n.,  come  to,  305. 

devdveo,   -ere,  -vovi,  -votura, 
^.r^,  (loom. 

de  votus,  -a,  -um,  imrt., 
(loomed,  712. 

dextra,  -ae,/.,  right-hand,  98, 
:v.n,  408,  etc. 

dicio,  -ouis,/.,  sway,  [root  DIG ; 
cp.  dico.] 

dice,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  r.a.,  say,  1 
tell,  81,  137,   753;   call,   277, 
530,  533. 

dico.  -are,  -avi,  -atmn,  v. a., 
dedicate,  73. 

dictum,  -i,  n.,  word,  command, 
142,  153,  197,  etc. 

Dido,  -us,  /.,  queen  of  Carthage, 
having  escaped  from  the 
tyranny  of  her  hrother  Pyg- 
malion who  had  murdered 
her  husband  Sychaeus. 

dies,  -oi,  m.f.,  day,  .374,  etc. 

diffundo,  -ere,  -fudi,  -fusum, 
v.a.,  scatter,  dishevel,  319. 

dignor,  -ari,  -atus  sura,  v.  dep., 
deem  worthy,  335. 

dignus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  worthy, 
(i(K),  (i05. 

dii,  (>I(f  f/en.  of  dies,  6.36. 

dilectus,  -a,  -um,  j^art.,  be- 
loved, 344. 

diligo,  -6re,  -lexi,  -lectum,  v.a., 

love. 

dimitto,  -ere,  -misi,  -raissum, 
c.a.,  st'ud  away,  dismiss,  571 ; 
send  about,  577. 

Didmedes,  -ae,  m.,  a  prominent 


Greek  at  the  siege  of  Troy, 
who  wounded  Aeneas  and 
even  Venus ;  he  afterwards 
settled  in  Italy.  Called  Ty- 
dides  as  son  of  Tydeus ;  97, 
752. 

dirigo,  -ere,  -rexi,  -rectum, 
v.a.,  direct,  401. 

dirus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  dread, 
293. 

disco,  -ere,  didici,  learn,  630. 
[root  Die  ;  cp.  doceo.] 

disxrimen,  -inis,  ;;.,  distinc- 
tion, 574;  risk,  danger,  204. 
[cp.  cerno,  crimen.] 

discumbo,  -ere,  -cubui,  r.??., 
recline  (at  a  banquet),  700, 
708. 

disicio,  -ere,  -ieci,  -iectum,  v.a., 
scatter,  43,  70,  128.  [dis, 
iac'io.] 

disiectus,  -a,  -um,  jjarf.  of 
disicio. 

dis'iungo,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a., 
separate,  252. 

dispello,  -ere,  -puli,  -pulsum, 
v.a.,  drive  in  dilfei'ent  direc- 
tions, scatter,  512,  538. 

dissimulo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum, 
r.d..  hide,  suppress,  516. 

dis  tendo,  -6re,  -di,  -tum,  v.a., 
till,  pack,  433. 

ditissimus,  -a,  -um,  supcrl.  of 
dives,  most  wealthy,  'MS. 

diu,  adv.,  for  a  long  time,  351. 

diva,  -ae,  /.,  goddess,  447,  482, 
.505. 

diversus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  in 
diiferent  directions,  70;  far 
distant,  376. 


VOCABULARY. 


99 


divgs   -itis,  adj.,  rich,  14.     [ci^. 

dives,  deus.] 
divido,  -ere,  -visi,  -visum,  v. a., 

divide,  197. 
divinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  god-like, 

403. 
divum,  f/en.j^L  o/divus. 
divus,  -i,  7)1.,  god,  especially  in 

gen.  pL,  46,  65,  79,  632.     {cp. 

deus,  G^.  6Io?.] 
do,  dare,  dedi,  datum,  v.a.,  give, 

62,  m,  etc. ;  give  fortli,  398 ; 

put,  176,  738;  partu  d.,  bring 

fortli;  d,  amplexus,  embrace, 

687. 
doceo,    -ere,    -ui,    -turn,    v.a., 

teach,  392,  741;   inform,  332. 

[root  Die  ;  cp.  disco.] 
ddleo,    -ere,    -ui,    -itum,    u.n., 

grieve,  resent,  9. 
ddlor,  -oris,  m.,  pain,  grief,  209, 

386 ;  2ylnral,  pangs,  25. 
dolus,  -i,  m.,  trick,  craft,  130, 

673,  684. 
ddminor,   -ari,   -atus    sum,    v. 

dep.,  have  sway,  lord  it,  285. 
[doniinus.] 
dSminus,    -i,    m.,    lord,    282. 

[domus.] 
domus,   -lis,  /.,  house,    home, 

140,    168,    284,    etc.;     domo, 

from  home,  600. 
dongc,   C071J.,    until,  273.     [cp. 

denique.] 
donum,   -i,   n.,  gift,   447,    etc. 

[root  DO  =  give.] 
dorsum,    -i,    7i.,    back,    ridge, 

110. 
dubius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  doubtful, 

218.     [duo;  BIT  =  go.] 


duco,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a.,  lead, 
401,  etc.;  carry  (v?-alls),  423; 
passive,  be  derived,  19,  642. 

ductor,  -oris,  m.,  leader,  cai> 
tain,  189,  235.     [duco.] 

dulcis,  -e,  adj.,  sweet,  j)leasaut, 
167,  etc.     [cp.  indulgeo.] 

dum,  conj.  ivith  the  indicative, 
w4iile,  268,  etc. ;  loith  the 
subjunctive  (implying  a  pur- 
pose), until,  5,  265. 

du-plex,  -icis,  adj.,  two-fold, 
double,  655;  clasped  (or 
poetically  =  duae) ,  93. 

duro,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.n., 
endure. 

durus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  cruel;  res 
dura,  stern  necessity,  563. 

dux,  diicis,  m.f.,  leader,  364. 
[root  DUG ;  cp.  dQco.] 

E,  ex,  p^'ep.  u'ith  ahl.,  out  of, 

from,  34,  42,  etc. 
ebur,  -oris,  n.,  ivory,  592. 
educo,   -ere,   -xi,  -ctum,   v.a., 

lead  out,  432. 
ef ■ficio,  -ere,  -feci,  -fectum,  v.a., 

produce,  160.     [ex;  facio.] 
ef'fodio,   -ere,    -fodi,   -fossum, 

v.a.,  dig  out,  427,  443. 
ef'fundo,   -ere,    -fudi,  -fusum, 

v.a.,  pour  forth,  98. 
egens,  -tis,  adj.,  in  want,  384. 

[egeo  =  I  am  in  want.] 
egenus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  in  want 

of  {loith  gen) ,  599.  [egeo.] 
6g6,  pprs.  pronoun,  I,  46,  etc. 
egredior,  -di,  egressus,  v.  dep., 

go  out  from,     [gradior.] 
e'gregius,   -a,   -um,  adj.,  dis- 


100 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


tinguished,  445.     [e  =  out  of; 

2:i'ex  =  the  herd.] 
e'gressus,  -a,  -urn,  part.,  hav- 
ing- diseml)arked,  172. 
e  icio,  -6re,  eieci,  ciectum,  v.a., 

cast  out. 
eiectus,    -a,   -um,   part.,   out- 
cast, 578. 
elabor,    -i,    -lapsus,    v.   dep., 

ii'lide  out. 
e"lapsus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  having 

escaped  from,  242. 
e  missus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  sent 

forth,  125. 
e'mitto,   -ere,   -misi,   -missum, 

v.a.,  send  forth. 
en,  interjection,  lo  !  461. 
§nim,  conj.,  for,  261;  sed  enim, 

however,    19;     neqae    enim, 

for  indeed  not,  198,  643. 
gpulum,    -i,    n.     pi.    epulae, 

-arum,  /.,  banquet,   79,  216, 

723. 
eous,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  eastern,  489 

n.     [)7ois  =  dawn.] 
gquidem,  adj.,  indeed,  2.38,  335, 

57(i,  619.     [e,  demonstrative  ; 

quidem.] 
gquus,  -i,  m.,  horse,  steed,  156, 

31(5,  444,  etc. 
ergo,  adv.,  therefore,  so,  663. 
eripio,    -ere,    -ripui,  -reptum, 

v.a.,    take     from,    88;    save 

from,  .">!)(),  ()47.      [rajiio.] 
erro,    -are,    -avi,   -atum,    v.n., 

wander,  stray,  32,  185,  etc. 
error,  -oris,  m.,  wandering,  755. 
erumpo,  -Cre,  -rupi,  -ruptum, 

v.a.,  burst  forth  from   (with 

ace),  580. 


Eryx,  -ycis,  m.,  Mount  Eryx, 
on  tlie  west  coast  of  Sicily, 
where  was  a  temple  sacred 
to  Venus. 

6t,  conj.,  and ;  if  not  first  in 
its  clause,  usually  also,  too, 
moreover ;  et  . . .  et,  both  . . . 
and. 

etiam,  conj.,  also,  even,  25, 461. 
[et ;  iam.] 

e'verto,  -ere,  -ti,  -sum,  v.a., 
overturn,  43. 

Europa,  -ae,/.,  Europe,  385. 

Eurotas,  -ae,  ?n.,  the  river  on 
Avliich  Sparta  stood,  498. 

Eurus,  -i,  m.,  south-east  wind 
personified. 

ex,  see  e. 

ex-actus,  -a,  -um,  part,  of 
exigo. 

exanimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  life- 
less,  484.     [anima  =  breath.] 

ex'audio,  -ire,  -ivi,  -itum,  v.a., 
hear,  219. 

excedo,  -Cre,  -cessi,  -cessum, 
V.I).,  go  forth  from,  357. 

ex-cidium,  -i,  n.,  destruction, 
22.     [ec  =  ex;  scindo.] 

excldo,  -Cre,  -cidi,  v.n.,  fall 
from,  fade  from,  26.     [cado.] 

ex'cido,  -ere,  -cidi,  -cisum,  v.a., 
hew  out,  429.     [caedo.] 

excipio,  -Cre,  -cepi,  -ceptum, 
v.a.,  take  from,  take  in  suc- 
cession, 276.     [capio.] 

exciido,  -ere,  -di,  -sum,  v.a., 
strike  out,  174. 

excQtlo,  -ere,  -cussi,  -cussum, 
r.a.,  dash  ovit,  115.  [qua- 
tio.] 


VOCABULAEY. 


101 


ex'emptus,  -a,  -um,  part,  of 

exinio. 
ex"eo,   -ire,  -ii,  -itum,  v.n.,  go 

forth,  306. 
ex'erceo,  -ere,  -ui,  -itum,  v.a., 

employ,  431 ;  e.  choros,  leads 

the  dance. 
ex'haurio,  -ire,  -hausi,  -haus- 

tum,  v.a.,  drink  up,  exhaust, 

599. 
ex'haustus,  -a,  -um,  pa?'f.  of 

exhaurio. 
exigo,  -ere,  -egi,  -actum,  v.a., 

discover,  ascertain,  309. 
ex'imo,   -ere,    -emi,    -eraptum, 

v.a.,   remove,  appease    (hun- 
ger), 216. 
ex'pedio,  -ire,  -ivi,  -itum,  v.a., 

get  ready,  178,  702. 
ex'pello,  -ere,  -piili,   -pulsum. 

I.e.,  drive  out,  620. 
ex'perior,  -iri,  -pertus,  v.  dep., 

know  by  experience,   essay, 

202. 
ex'pleo,  -ere,  -evi,  -etuni,  v.a., 

complete,  270;  satisfy,  713. 
ex'ploro.  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

discover,  explore,  77,  307. 
ex'pulsus,  -a,  -um,  part,  from 

expello. 
ex'spiro,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

gasp  forth,  44. 
extrema,  -orum,  ??.,  limits,  577 ; 

final  doom,   219.     [extremus 

=  last.] 
ex'ttili,  perf.  of  ef'fero. 
ex'uo,   -ere,  -i,  -utum,  v.a.,  put 

off.  doff,  690. 
ex'uro,  -ere,  -ussi,  -ustum,  v.a., 

burn,  consume  by  fire,  39. 


fa-,  present  stem  of  for. 

fac-  (defective  noun),f.,  torch, 

brand,  150. 
f§,cies.  -ei,/.,  face,  appearance, 

60S,  683.     [facio.] 
facilis,  -e,  adj.,  easy,  445,  see 

note,     [facio.] 
facio,  -ere,  feci,  factum,  v.a., 

do,  58,  302;  make,  75,  80. 
factum,  -i,   n.,   deed,    exploit, 

event,  351,  364,  367.     [facio.] 
factus,    -a,   -um,  pa?'i.   of  fa- 
cio. 
fallo,     -ere,     fefelli,     falsum, 

v.a.,    deceive,   688;     assume 

(falsely),  684.     [cp.  (t-c/xxAAoj, 

Eng.  fall.] 
falsus,  -a,  -um,  pretended,  716 ; 

empty,  407.     [fallo.] 
fama,   -ae,  /.,   fame,   renown, 

379,  etc.;   report,  532.     [root 

FA:  cp.  for.] 
fames,  -is,/.,  hunger,  216.    [cp, 

ad-fatim,  fatigo,  x'^'^^^.] 
f^mula,  -ae,  /.,  maid-servant, 

703. 
famulus,  -i,  m.,  attendant,  701. 
fas,  n.  indecl.,  right,  duty,  77, 

206.     [root  FAS  =  bind.] 
fastigium,   -i,    n.,   point,   342; 

pinnacle,  438.  [f astigo  =  bring 

to  a  point.] 
fateor,  -eri,  fassus,  v.  dep.,  con- 
fess,    [root  FA.] 
fatigo,  -are,  -?ix\,  -atum,  v.a., 

tire  out,  316 ;  keep  in  turmoil, 

2S0.     [see  fames.] 
fatisco,   -ere,   gape,   123.     [see 

fames.] 
fatum,  -i,  n.,  fate,  destiny,  2; 


102 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


vsu.  1)1.,   18,    205,    222,    etc. 

[root  FA;  cp.  fari.] 
fiveo,  -ere,  favi,  fautum,  v.n., 

am  favoural)le. 
felix,  -icis,  adj.,  happy,  propi- 
tious, 330.     [root  FE  =  bear.] 
femina,  -ae,  /'.,    woman,    364. 

[root  FE  =  bear.] 
fgra,  -ae,  /.,  wild  beast,  308. 

[t'erus  =  fierce.] 
fgrina,  -ae,  /.,    venison,    215. 

[ferns,  fera.] 
fgrio,    -ire,    -ivi,    -itum,    v.a., 

strike,  103,  115. 
fgro,   ferre,   tiili,   latum,    v.a., 

bear,  carry,  bring,  59,   etc. ;  ] 

wear,  501;  extol,  (525;  se  ferre,  \ 

pass  along,  503  ;  say,  15,  476.  j 
f§rox,  -ocis,  arlj.,  haughty,  263,  1 

.".(L*.     [ferns.] 
ferrum,  -i,  n.,  iron,  steel,  293, 

etc. 
ferveo,  -ere,  ferbui,  v.n.,  glow, 

4.'ii).     [rp.  warm.] 
fessus,  -a,   -um,   adj.,    weary, 

168,  178.     [fateor.] 
fetus,  -a,   -um,  adj.,  teeming, 

51.     [root  FE  =  bear.] 
fetus,  -us,  m.,  young,  offspring, 

432.     [root  FE  =  bear.]  x 
fides,  -C'\,f.,  faith,  honour,  292. 

ri-oot  FID;  cp.  foedus.] 
fiducia,  -ae,/'.,  confidence,  132. 

[root  FID."] 
fidus,  -a,  -am,  adj.,  trusty,  113, 

iss.     [root  FID.]    ■ 
figo,  -ere,  tixi,  tixum,  v.a.,  fix, 

482 ;  pierce,  212 ;  set  up,  248 ; 

imprint,  (587. 
filius,   -i,    m.,    son,    325,    751. 


[(i.)    root  DHA  =  milk  ;   cp. 

0TjArj,    e^Aus   (Curtius)  ;      (ii.) 

root  BHU  (Lat.  fu.)  =  be.] 
finis,  -is,  m.,  end,  199,  etc. ; })!., 

boundaries,    territories,   566, 

570,  etc.     [=  fid-nis,  root  FID 

=  divide.] 
fio,    fieri,   f actus  sum,   v.,   be- 
come, am  made, 
flagro,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

blaze,     glow,     710.         [root 

FLAG;  cp.  fulgeo,  tlamma.] 
flamma,  -ae,/.,  flame,  44,  etc. ; 

metaph.  673.     [=  flag-ma.] 
flammatus,   -a,  -um,  adj.,   in- 
flamed, 50.     [flamma.] 
flavus,   -a,  -um,   adj.,  yellow, 

592.     [cp.  fulvus.] 
flecto,    -ere,    -xi,    -xum,    v.a., 

bend,  guide,  156.     [for  t,  cp. 

necto,  TUTTTO).] 
floreus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  flowery, 

430.     [flos.] 
flos.  tloris,  m.,  flower,  blossom, 

694.     [root  FLE  ;  cp.  floreo.] 
fluctus, -us,  m.,  wave,  66,  etc. 

[root  FLU  =  flow.] 
flumen,  -inis,  n.,  stream,  flood, 

465.      [tluo.] 
flue,  -ere,  -xi,  -xum,  v.n.,  flow, 

;12().     [root  FLU;  cp.  fleo.] 
fltivius,   -i,   m.,  stream,  river, 

[riuo.] 
foedus,    -eris,     n.,    condition, 

treaty,  62.     [cp.  fides.] 
fdliurn,  -i,  n.,  leaf,  175.     [root 

FLE.] 
fomes.  -itis,  m.,   iva 

[foveo.] 
fons,  -tis,  m.,  fount,  source,  244. 


VOCABULARY. 


103 


f6r6,   fut.   inf.    of   sum,    235, 

444.' 
fSris,   -is,  /.,    door,    449,    505. 

[Gk.  0vpa.] 

forma,  -ae.  /.,   form,   beauty. 

[root    DHAR  =  hold    firmly; 

cp.  firmus,  forum.] 
fors,    -tis,   /.,    cliauce.      [root 

BHAR  =  bring,     that    which 

brings  luck.] 
forsan,     adv.,     perhaps,    203. 

[fors ;  an.] 
forte,   adv.,    by    chance,    151. 

[abl.  of  fors.] 
fortis,  -e,  adj.,  brave,  120,  etc. 

[root  BHAR  =  bear.] 
fortissimus,  -a,  -um,  superl.  of 

fortis. 
fortuna,  -ae,  /.,  fortune,   240, 

etc.     [fors.] 
fortiinatus,     -a,     -um,     adj., 

lucky,  haj^py,  437.    [fortuna.] 
fotus,    -a,    -um,   part,    of   fo- 

veo. 
foveo,   -ere,  fovi,  fotum,  v. a., 

cherish,  18,  281 ;  fondle,  692, 

718. 
fragor,     -oris,     m.,     crashing 

sound,  154.     [root  FRAG ;  cp. 

frango.] 
fragrans,     -tis,     adj.,     sweet 

scented,  436. 
frango,    -ere,    fregi,    fractum, 

t'. a.,  break,  104,  161;  pound, 

179.     [root  FRAG.] 
f rater,  -tris,  m.,  brother,   130, 

292. 
fremo,  -ere,  -ui,    -itum,    v.n., 

roar,  rage,  56,  296 ;  shout  as- 
sent, 559.      [Gk.  i3pe>a>.] 


freno,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v. a., 
curb,  54,  523.     [frenum  =  bit ; 

frequens,  -tis,  adj.,  thronging, 

707. 
f return,  -i,  n.,  strait,  sea,  557, 

()07. 
frigus,  -oris,  n.,  cold,  92.     [cp. 

rigeo,  rigidus.] 
frondeus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  leafy, 

191.    [(frons,  frondis)  =leaf.] 
frons,  -tis,/.,  front,  166. 
frug-,  defective,  f.,  corn,  178. 
frustra,  adv.,  in  vain,  392.    \cp. 

fraus.] 
frustum,  -i,  n.,  piece,  bit,  212. 

[root  FRUT  =  break.] 
fucus,  -i,  m.,  drone,  435. 
fuga,   -ae,  /.,   flight,   137,   etc. 

[root      BHUG  =  bend  ;      cp. 

fugio,  -ere,  fugi,  fugitum,  v.n., 
tlee,  S41,  etc.     [fuga.] 

fui,  perf.  o/sum. 

fulmen,  -Inis,  n.,  thunderbolt, 
230.  [=fulgmen,  from  ful- 
geo.] 

fulvus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  tawny, 
275.     [cp.  flavus,  fulgor.] 

funale,  -is,  n.,  torch,  727. 
[funis  =  rope.] 

fundamentum,  -i,  n.,  founda- 
tion,    428.         [fundare;     cp. 

iSuflo?.] 

fundo,  -ere,  fudi,  fusum,  v. a., 
pour,  193,  412.     [root   FUD ; 

jp.  xeu).] 

funus,  -eris,  n.,  death,  deadly 

evil,  2.32. 
furiae,  -arum,/.,  frenzy,  41. 


104 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


furo,  -Ore,  -ui,  v.n.,  rage,  51,  [ 

107,  etc.  I 

furor,  -oris,  ?n.,  rage,  frenzy, 

1  ">( ) :  person  ijie i.1 ,  2i)4 . 
fusus.  -a,  -um,  part,  of  fundo, 

stretched,  214. 
futurus.  -a,  -um,  fut.  part,  of 

sum,   aljout    to   be,  coming, 

210,  etc. 

galea,  -ae,  /.,  helmet,  101, 
(usually  of  leather). 

Ganymedes,  -ae,  m.,  Gany- 
mede, son  of  Tros,  carried 
off  to  heaven  by  Jove's 
eaiile. 

gaudeo,  -ere,  gavisus  sum, 
rejoice,  6i)0. 

gaudium,  -i,  n.,  joy,  502.  [  = 
gu  video.] 

gaza,  -ae,/'.,  wealth,  119.  [Per- 
sian word.] 

ggminus,  -a,  -um,  twin,  162, 
274.  744. 

gemitus,  -us,  m.,  groan,  485. 
[gemo.] 

gemma,  -ae,  /.,  jewel,  655. 
[root  GEN,  contr.  fr.  gen- 
ima.] 

ggmo,  -Ore,  -ui,  -itum,  v.n., 
groan,  465;  mourn,  221. 

ggnetrix,  -Tcis.  f.,  mother,  590, 
(is<i.     [root  GEX.] 

ggnitor,  -oris,  m.,  father,  155, 
2;^),  etc.     [root  GEN.] 

ggnitus,  -a,  -um,  part,  of  gig- 
no,  son,  297.     [root  GEN.] 

gens,  -tis,  /.,  race,  tribe,  fam- 
ily, clan,  17,  33,  47,  etc. 
[root  GEN.] 


ggnu,  -ns,  n.,  knee,  320.    {yowy 

knee.] 
ggnui,  perf.  o/gigno. 
genus,  -eris,  n.,  race,  6,  etc.; 

offspring,  380.     [root  GEN.] 
germana,  -ae,  /.,  sister,  351. 

[root  GEN.] 
germanus.  -i,  m.,  brother,  341. 

[root  GEN.] 
gSro,  -ere,  gessi,  gestum,  r.o., 

carry,  188;  wear,  315;  carry 

on,  24,  48. 
gesto,  -are,   -avi,   -atum,  v.a., 

wear,    336,    567.      [freq.    of 

gero.] 
gigno,    -ere,    gSnui,    genTtum, 

v.a.,  beget,  bring  forth,  606, 

618. 
glaeba.  -ae,  /.,  clod,  soil,  531. 

[clod.] 
gldmero,  -fire,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

gather;     middle,     glomeror, 

throng,     [globus.] 
gradior,   -i,    gressus,   v.  dep.y 

step,  go,  312,  etc. 
gradus,  -us,  m.,  step,  448. 
Grai,  -orum,  m.,  Greeks,  467, 

530. 
grand-aevus,    -a,    -um,    adj., 

aged,  121.     [grandis,  ae\'um.] 
grates,  -ium,  /.,  thanks,  600. 

{(■p.  xat'pco,  greedy.] 
gravis,   -e,  adj.,    hea^'y,    728; 

pregnant,    274;     intiuential, 

151 ;    evil,    199.      [Qapu?,    i.e. 

yFapv-<;. 

graviter,    adv.,    heavily,    126. 

[gravis.] 
grgmium,    -i,    n.,    lap,     685, 

etc. 


VOCABULARY. 


105 


gressus,  -us,  771.,  stepping, 
steps,  401,  etc.     [gradior.] 

gurges,  -itis,  m.,  swelling 
riood,  118. 

gusto,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v. a., 

taste,  473.      [cp.  yeuaj,  yaaTTJp.] 

Gyas,  -antis,  n.,  a  follower  of 
Aeneas. 

habena,     -ae,    /.,     rein,    63. 

[ha))eo.] 
habeo,    -ere,    -ui,  -Itum,  v.a., 

have,  hold,  346,  566. 
habilis,  -e,  adj.,  easily  worn, 

convenient,  318.     [habeo.] 
habitus,  -us,  m.,  bearing,  look,  j 

315.     [habeo.] 
hac,   adv.,  on    this    side,  467,  i 

468.  I 

haereo,    -ere,  haesi,    haesum, 

V.71.,  cling,  476,  718;  remain  j 

fixed,  495. 
halo,   -are,    -avi,    -atnm,   v.n., 

breathe,  am  fragrant,  417. 
harena, -ae,/.,  sand,  107,  112; 

shore,  172.     [areo -- am  dry.] 
Harpalyce,  -es,  /.,  a  Thracian 

princess  and  renowned  hun- 
tress. 
hasta,  -ae,/,,  spear,  478.     [cp. 

fendo.] 
hastile,    -is,    n.,    spear-shaft. 

[hasta.] 
haud,  adv.,  not,  327,  etc.    [spelt 

by  Ribbeck  haut  four  times, 

hau  once,  327.] 
haurio,    -ire,  hansi,   haustum,  : 

v.a.,  drink  down,  drain,  738.  '' 
Hector,   -«')ris,    m.,    the    eldest 

and  bravest  of  the  sons  of 


Priam,  slain  by  Achilles,  99^ 
750. 

HectSreus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of 
Hector,  273,  note. 

Helena,  -ae,  /,,  Helen,  the 
beautiful  wife  of  Menelaus, 
King  of  Sparta ;  her  rape  by- 
Paris  caused  the  Trojan  War  ,- 
650. 

herba,  -ae,/.,  grass,  214.  [root 
BHAR;  cp.  ^op/Sr).] 

heros,  -ois,  m.,  hero,  196.   [^pm^'] 

Hesperia,  -ae,  /.,  the  land  of 
the    west,    Italy,    530,    569. 

[eo-Trepo?.] 

heu,  interjection,  alas  ! 
heus,  interjection,  ho  !  321. 
hiberna,    -orum,     n.,    winter,, 

266.     [hibernus.] 
hibernus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  wintry, 

746.     [hiems.] 
hio^    haec,    hoc, 

he,   742;    hi.  .  , 

others,  106. 
hie,   adv.,   here,    16,    17,    etc. ; 

hereupon,  451,  728. 
hiems,   -emis,  /.,  storm,   122, 

125.     [root  GHI  =  snow.] 
hinc,    adv.,    hence,    21,    etc. ; 

then,  194;   hinc  .  .  .  hinc,  on 

the  one  side  ...  on  the  other, 

162,  500. 
hdmo,  -inis,  ni.,  man,  especially 

as  opi^osed  to  other  beings, 

65,  308,  etc.     [root  GHAM  = 

earth.] 
hdnos,   -oris,   m.,  honour,   re- 
spect, 28,  49,  etc.     [cp.  onus.] 
horreo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n.,  bristle, 

be  shaggy,  165,  311,  634. 


2Jron.,    this, 
hi,  some  .  .  . 


106 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


iiorridus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  grim, 
'_'!•(;.     [horreo.] 

hospes,  -itis,  host,  guest,  731, 
Too.  [perhaps  ghas-pati,  pro- 
tector of  strangers ;  cp.  hostis, 
guest. 

hospitium,  -i,  n.,  hospital- 
ity, welcome,  299,  etc.  [hos- 
pos.] 

hostia,  -ae,  /.,  victim,  334. 
[hostio  =  strike  ( ?) .] 

hostis,  -is,  yn.f.,  enemy,  foe, 
378,  625.      [rp.  hospes.] 

hue,  adv.,  hither,  170,  etc. 
Jhic] 

humanus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  hu- 
man, 542.     [homo.] 

humus,  -i,  /.,  ground,  193; 
humi,  on  the  ground,  [root 
GHAM  =  earth.] 

IIy3,des,  -um,  /.,  a  constella- 
tion so  called  probably  be- 
cause    they     brought    rain. 

^[uetr.] 

lymenaeus,   -i,   in.,    wedlock, 

(j.»l.        [' V/xej'acos.J 

iS,ceo,   -ere,  -ui,   v.n.,    lie,    lie 

low,  99. 
iacens,    -tis,    adj.,    low-lying, 

224.     [iaceo.] 
iacto,   -are,   -avi,  -atum,   v.a., 

toss,   3,   29,  etc. ;   blurt  out, 

102;  show  off,  140;   revolve, 

227.     [iacio.] 
ia.culor,    -ari,    -fitus,    v.    dejy., 

hurl,  42.     [iacio.] 
iam,   adv.,  now,    already,    1<S, 

etc. ;  thenceforth,  272.     [root 

YA;  cp.  b?,  w?]. 


iamdiidum,     adr.,    this     long 

while,  580.     [iam,  diu,  dum.] 
ibam,  iniperf.  o/eo. 
ibidem,  adv.,  on  the  same  spot, 

IKi. 
IdS,lia,  -ae,/.,  a  city  in  Cyprus 

sacred  to  Venus,  093. 
Idalium,  -i,  ?i.  =  rdalia,  681. 
ignarus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  ignorant, 

198,  etc.    [in  =  not ;  GNA ;  cp. 

nosco.] 
ignavus,  -a,  -um,   adj.,    lazy, 

4;;5.     [in  =  not;  GNA.] 
ignis,  -is,  m.,  fire,  175;   light- 
ning, 42,  90 ;  fire  of  love,  660, 

(i88. 
i'gnobilis,   -e,   adj.,   low-born, 

14'. ».   [in  =  not ;  nobilis,  GXA.] 
ignotus,    -a,    -um,    unknown, 

384 ;  hidden,  359.     [in,  GNA.] 
ii,  per/,  o/eo. 
Ilia,    -ae,   /.,    the    mother    of 

Romulus  and  Remus,  274. 
Iliacus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Ilian,  of 
_  Ilium  (Troy),  97,  456. 
ilias,    -ildis,   /.,    daughter    of 

Ilium    (Troy),    480.        [fern. 

patronymic] 
ilidne,  -es,/.,  the  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Priam,  653. 
Ilidneus.  -ei,  m.,a  Trojan,  521, 

559,  611. 
Ilium,  -i,  n..  Ilium,  Troy. 
Ilius.   -a,  -um,   adj.,   Ilian,   of 

Ilium  (Troy),  268. 
Ilus,  -i,  m.,  surname  of  lulus, 

268. 
ille,   -a,   -ud,  pron.,  that,   he, 

she,  it,  etc. ;  that  celebrated. 
illic,  adr.,  there,  206.     [ille.] 


VOCABULARY. 


107 


niyricus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.,  Illyrian,    im-pulit,  per/,  of  impello 


of  Illyria  (now  Dalmatia  and 
Albania),  243. 
imago,  -inis,  /.,  form,   shape, 
[root    SIM ;    cp. 


353,   408. 

similis.] 
imber,  -bris,  m.,  rain,  water, 

123,  743. 
inamanis,  -e,  adj.,  savage,  huge, 

429,616;  wicked,  347.     [in  = 

not :  manus  =  good.] 
im'inineo,      -ere,      -ui,      v.n., 

threaten,  165  ;  hang  over,  420. 

[mineo  =  project.]  ^ 

im'mitis.  -e,  orZ/.,  ungfentle,  30.  i 


Lather,   753. 

[moved. 

adj..    un- 

li,  -pijlsum, 


[in  =  not :  mitis.] 
immo,   a  a 

[=in"m(^ 
im' motus.nl 
impello 

v.a.,  push,  82 
imperium,    -i,    n.,    command, 

sway,  lordsliip,  54,  138,  etc. 

[impero ;  in,  paro  =  put  upon.] 
im-piger,    -gra,    -grum,    adj., 

without       hesitation,       738. 

[piger ;  cp.  piget.] 
im'pius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  unduti- 

ful,     unnatural,     294,      U9. 

[pius.] 
im'pleo,  -ere,  -evi,  -etum,  v.a., 

fill  up,  729.     [root  PLE;  cp. 

plenus.] 
implico,  -are,  -avi,  -atum  (-ui, 

-itum),   v.a.,   insinuate,  660. 

[rp.  sim-plex,  dn-plex.] 
impono,  -ere,  -posui,  -positum, 

v.a.,  put  upon,  49,  62. 
im'provisus,    -a,    -um,    adj., 

unforeseen,  595. 


imus,  -a,  -um.  adj.,  lowest,  the 
bottom  of,  84,  etc. 

in,  prep,  ivith  (i.)  Ace. :  to, 
34,  253;  towards,  82,  163; 
against,  108.  (ii.)  Ahl. :  on, 
106 ;  in,  109.  among,  303,  491. 
[Gk.  h'.] 

inanis,  -e,  adj.,  empty,  476; 
unreal,  464. 

in'cautus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  unsus- 
pecting, 350.     [in,  caveo.] 

incedo,  -ere,  -cessi,  -cessum^ 
v.n.,  walk  proudly,  46,  497, 
690. 


incendium,  -i,  n.,  burnings 
conflagration,  566. 

incendo,  -ere,  -di,  -sum,  v.a., 
light,  660,  727.  [root  CAN  = 
shine.] 

in'ceptum,  -i,  n.,  undertaking,. 
37.     [incipio.] 

inxessus,  -us,  m.,  gait,  405. 
[incedo.] 

in'cipio,  -ere,  -cepi,  -ceptum,. 
v.a.,  begin,  721,     [in,  capio.] 

in-cognitus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  un- 
known, 515,     [co-,  gnosco.] 

inxoncessus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  un- 
lawful, 651.     [concedo.] 

in'crepito,  -are,  -avi,  -atum, 
v.a.,  challenge,  738.  [increpo, 
Gk.  /cpeKO),  Eng.  crack.] 

in'cubo,  -are,  -ui,  -itum,  v.a.^ 
brood  over,  swoop  upon,  84, 
89. 

in'cultus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  desert, 
308.     [colo.] 

in'cuso,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 
blame,  410.     [causa.] 


108 


LA  TIX-EXGLISn 


OK    "V 


in'cutio,  -ere,  -cussi,  -cussum, 

v.a.,  strike  iuto,  inspire,  69. 

[qnatio.] 
in'dico,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a., 

proclaim,  632. 
indignor,  -ari,  -atus,  v.  dep., 

(leem    unworthy,    chafe,    55. 

[diunus.] 
induo,  -dre,  -ni,  -litum,   v.a., 

put  on,   assume,  ()<S4.     [root 

I)U=put;  cp.  exuo.] 
inermus,  -a,    -urn,    adj.,    un- 
armed, 487.     [arma.] 
infandus,  -a,  -um,   adj.,    un- 

speakul)le,  597  ;  accursed,  525 

[in,  fari.] 
in'felix,  -icis,   adj.,   unhappy, 

475.  712,  749. 
in'fSro,    -ferre,    -tuli,    -latum, 

r.(/.,  bring  iuto,  6;  iiifert  se, 

enters,  439. 
in'figo,   -ere,  -xi,  -xum,    v.a., 

impale,  45. 
in'genimo,  -are,    -avi,    -atum, 

v.n.,  grow  (loud),  747. 
in'gemo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n.,  lament, 

93. 
in-gens,  -ntis,  adj.,  vast,  182, 

etc.     [in  =  not,  root  GEN.] 
in'humatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  un- 

l)uri(Ml,  353.      [humus.] 
inimicus,   -a,  -um,    adj.,    un- 
friendly,   hostile,  67.     [ami- 
cus.] 
in-iuria,  -ae,  /.,  wrong,  27 ;  tale 

of  wrong,  341.      [ius.] 
in-lido,    -ere,    -si,    -sum,    v.a., 

(lash  against,  112.     [laedo.] 
inmanis,  see  immanis. 
in-par,  -ptlris,  o((/., unequal,  475. 


inpiger,  see  impiger. 
inpleo,  see  imjileo. 
in-ptilit,  per/,  of  impello. 
inquam,  v.  defect.,  say,  ,321. 
inrigo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

water,  shed,  692,  note,     [rigo 

=  wet ;  cj).  rain.] 
in'scius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  ignorant, 

71.S.     [seio.] 
inscribo,  -ere,  -psi,  -ptum,  v.a., 

mark,  478. 
in'sequor,  -i,  -secutus,  v.  dep., 

follow  up,  87,  105. 
in'sidiae,   -arum,  /.,   lying   in 


wait,    treachery,    754.       [in, 
sedeo.] 

insido,  -er^r^qdi,  -sessum, 
V.71.,  sit  i^,  719. 

infsignis,  '  -e,  adj.,  distin- 
guished, 10,  625.     [signum.] 

in'spiro,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 
breathe  into,  688. 

in'sto,  -fire,  -stiti,  v.n.  and  a., 
press  hard,  423,  468. 

in'struo,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a., 
set  forth,  638. 

insula,  -ae,/.,  island,  159. 

insiiper,  adv..  above,  on  the 
top,  ()1. 

intactus,  -a,    -um,    adj.,    un- 
touched,  virgin,   345.      [tan- 
.SCO.] 
.intento,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 
threaten,  91. 

inter,  prep,  rvith  ace,  between, 
10();  amid,  191;  compared 
with,  455;  in  the  course  of, 
686. 

interdum,  adv.,  sometimes, 
718. 


VOCABULABY. 


109 


intgrea,  adv.,  meanwhile,  121, 

ISO.      [?  inter  ea,   or    inter 

ea(ni  rem).] 
inter'for,   -ari,   -atus,  v.  dep., 

interrupt,  38G. 
interior,  -us,  adj.,  inner,  inside 

of,  637.     [inter.] 
intimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  inmost, 

213,  note  ;  superl.  of  intra. 
intono,   -are,   -ui,  -itum,   v.n., 

thunder,  90. 
intra,  prep,  icith  ace,  witliin. 
in'tractabilis.  -e,  adj.,  hard  to 

encounter,  .'>39.     [tracto.] 
intro-gredior,  -i,  -gressus,    v. 

dep.,      enter      within,      520. 

[gradior.] 
intus,   adv.,   within,   167,   291, 

703.       [evTO?.] 

in'velio,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a., 
bear  in,  155. 

in'visus,  -a,  -um,  hateful,  28, 
387.     [invideo  =  hate.] 

in'vius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  pathless, 
537.     [via.] 

lopas,  -ae,  m.,  the  Carthaginian 
minstrel,  740. 

I6v-,  stem  of  luppiter. 

ipse,  -a,  -um,  pron.,  self,  him- 
self, herself,  itself,  them- 
selves. 

ura.  -ae,/.,  anger,  1,  11,  etc. 

Italia,  -ae,  /.,  Italy,  2,  13, 
etc. 

Italus,  -i,  m.,  an  Italian,  109. 

italus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Italian,  of 
Italy,  252. 

iter,  itineris,  n.,  way,  road, 
journey,  370,  656.  [ire, 
itum,] 


iubeo,  -ere,  iussi,  iussum,  v.a., 
command,  hid,  577. 

iudicium,  -i,  n.,  judgment,  de- 
cision, 27.  [index,  ins  di- 
co.] 

iugo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 
yoke,  join,  345.     [iugum.] 

iugum,  -i,  n.,  yoke,  ridge,  498. 
[root  lUG;  cp.  iu(n)go.] 

lulius,  -i,  m.,  the  nomen  of  a 
Roman  gens,  to  which  C. 
lulius  Caesar  and  his  nephew 
Augustus  belonged,  288. 

lulus,  -i,  m.,  son  of  Aeneas, 
267,  etc. 

iungo,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a., 
join,  link,  73;  yoke,  568. 
[root  lUG.] 

luno,  -onis,  /.,  queen  of  the 
gods,  sister  and  wife  of 
Jupiter. 

lunonius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Ju- 
nonian,  of  Juno,  671. 

luppiter,  16 vis,  m.,  Jupiter, 
king  of  gods  and  men. 

iiis,  iuris,  ??.,  right,  law,  293. 
[distinguished  from  lex,  as 
law  in  general  from  special 
enactments.] 

iussum,  -i,  n.,  command,  77. 
[iubeo.] 

iustitia,  -ae,  /.,  justice,  523, 
604.     [iustus.] 

iustus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  fair,  508; 
just,  544.     [ins.] 

iuvenis,  -is,  m.f.,  youth,  321. 

iuventa,  -ae,  /.,  youth  (ab- 
stract) ,  590.     [iuvenis.] 

inventus,  -utis,  /.,  youth  (col- 
lective), 467.     [iuvenis.] 


110 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


iuvo,  -are,  iuvi,  iutum,  v.a., 
help,  aid,  571;  impers.,  it 
deliglits,  203. 

Karthago,  -inis,  /.,  Carthage, 
the  ruins  of  which  are  near 
Tunis. 

l§,bor,  -oris,  m.,  toil,  trouble, 
distress,  10 ;  workmanship, 
455 ;  soils  labores,  eclipses, 
742.  [root  ARBH  =  be  ac- 
tive.] 

labor,  -i,  lapsus,  v.  dep.,  glide, 
swoop,  394, 

lS,boratus,  -a,  -um,  worked, 
639.     [mbor.] 

lacrima,  -ae,  /.,  tear,  228.     {cp. 

fiaxpu.J 

IS-crimor,  -ari,  -atus,  v.  dep., 
weep,  470.     [lacrima.] 

laedo,  -6re,  -si,  -sum,  v.a.,  hurt, 
offend,  8. 

laetitia,  -ae,  /.,  gladness,  636. 
[laetus.] 

laetor,  -ari,  -iltus,  v.  dep.,  re- 
joice, 393.     [laetus.] 

laetus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  glad,  35. 
[orig.      plaetus,      cp.     latus 

(TrAaTO?)  .] 

laeva,  -ae  {sc.  manus),  /.,  left 
hand,  611.     [Aaios.] 

lapsus,  -a,  -um,  part,  of  labor. 

ia,queare,  -is,  n.,  fretted  ceil- 
ing, 726. 

largus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  copious, 
4«)5. 

late,  adv.,  far  and  wide,  21. 
[latus.] 


15,teo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n.,  lie  hid, 

108. 
lS,tex,  -icis,   7)1.,  liquid,   wine, 

68(5,  736. 
Latinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Latin, 

of  Latium,  6. 
Latium,  -i,  n.,  the  broad  plain 

near  the  mouth  of  the  Tiber. 
Latona,    -ae,    /.,    mother    by 

Jupiter  of  Apollo  and  Diana, 

502. 
latus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    broad, 

wide,  427.       [TrAarv?.] 

latus,  -eris,  n.,  side,  122,    [orig. 

l^latus,  cp.  laetus.] 
laus,  -dis, /.,  praise,  625;  pZ., 

609 ;  virtue,  461.    [root  CLU ; 

cp.  kAv'oj.] 

Lavinium,  -\,n.,  the  town  built 

by  Aeneas  in  Latium. 
Lavinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Lavin- 

ian. 
laxus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  loose,  63. 

[cp.  AiJoj,  luo,  loose.] 
lectus,  -a,  -um,   adj.,  chosen, 

518. 
Leda,    -ae,    /.,  wife   of    Tyn- 

dareus,    mother    of    Castor, 

Pollux,    Clytemnestra,    and 

Helen. 
16go,    -ere,   legi,  lectum,  v.a., 

choose,  426,  note. 
lenio,    -ire,    -ivi,    -Itum,    v.a., 

assuage,  451.   [lenis  =  gentle.] 
16 vis,  -e,  adj.,  light,  147. 
16vo,    -are,   -avi,    -atum,    v.a., 

lighten,     330;      raise,      145. 

[levis.] 
lex,  IC'gis,  /,,  law,  enactment, 

507.     [cp.  lego.] 


VOCABULAEY. 


Ill 


libo,    -are,    -avi,    -atvim,   v.n., 

lightly     touch,     taste,     256; 

pour  a  libation,  737.    [Aet'^co.] 
Liburni,   -orum,  in.,  a  people 

of  Illj'ria. 
Libya,   -ae,  /.,  North    Africa, 

2l>,  etc. 
Libycus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Libyan, 

African,  339. 
licet,    r.  imj^ers.,  it  is  lawful, 

551.      [rp.  liuquo.] 
iimen,  -inis,  n.,  threshold  (usu. 

in    pL),    389.       [root    LIG  = 

tie.J 
linquo,  -ere,  liqui,  v. a.,  leave, 

.517. 
liquor,  -qui,  v.  dep.,  flow,  432. 

[liqueo.] 
litus,  -oris,  n.,  shore,  3,  etc. 
loco,    -are,    -avi,   -atum,    v.a., 

place,  213.     [locus.] 
locus,   -i   (pi.   -i   and  -a),   m., 

place,  spot,  51. 
longe,  adv.,  far,  afar,  13. 
longius,  adv.,  farther,  262. 
longus,    -a,    -uni,    adj.,    long, 

deep,  1.59,  etc. 
loquor,    -i,    locutus,    v.    dej)., 

speak,  say,  Gli,  731. 
lorum,  -i,  n.,  thong;  pi.,  reins, 

156,  477. 
luctor,     -ari,    -atus,     v.     dep., 

struggle,  53. 
liicus,  -i,  m.,  grove,  450. 
ludo,  -ere,  -si,  -sum,  v.n.,  sport, 

397 ;  mock,  352,  408.     [ludus 

=  play.] 
lumen,  -inis,  n.,  light,  590 ;  pi., 

eyes,  226.   [root  LUC  =  shine ; 

cp.  lux.] 


luna.  -ae,  /.,  moon,  742.  [  = 
lucna,  root  LUC  =  shine.] 

lunatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  crescent- 
shaped,  490.     [luna.] 

luo,  -ere,  -i,  -itum,  v.a.,  atone 

for,  i;36.       [cp.  A.ua).] 

lupa,    -ae,    /".,    she- wolf,  275. 

[cp.  AvKO?.] 

lustre,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 
review,  453;  search,  577; 
traverse,  608.     [luo.] 

lustrum,  -i,  n.,  a  purification, 
hence,  the  period  between 
each  formal  purification  of 
Rome  by  the  Censors  held 
every  fifth  year,  at  which  a 
pig  (or  ram) ,  sheep,  and  bull 
were  offered  {suovetaiirilia). 
[luo.] 

lux,  -cis,  /.,  light,  dawn,  306. 
[root  LUC  =  shine.] 

luxus,  -lis,  m.,  magnificence, 
637.     \cp.  laxus.] 

Lyaeus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of  Lyaeus 
or  Bacchus,  686.  ['  the  looser, ' 

Aiiaio?.] 

lychnus,    -i,    m.,    lamp,    726. 

[Av^t'os.] 

Lycius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Lycian, 
from  Lycia  (in  Asia  Minor). 

Lycus.  -i,  m.,  a  Trojan,  222. 

lympba,  -ae,  /.,  water,  (pi.) 
701,  [same  word  as  nym- 
pha.] 

lynx,    -cis,    /.,    a    lynx,    323. 

[Avv^] 

maculosus.  -a,  -um,  adj., 
spotted,  dappled,  323.  [ma- 
cula =  spot.] 


112 


LA  TIX-ENGLISn 


maereo,  -ere,  v.n.,  mourn,  197. 
['7'.  miser.] 

maestus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  sad, 
mourning,  202.     [maereo.] 

magalia,  -ium,  n.  pL,  huts, 
4l'l.     [Punic  •word.] 

magis,  adc,  more,  15.  [cj:). 
majjnus.] 

mS-gister,  -tri,  m..,  helmsman, 
115.  [root  MAG;  cp.  min- 
ister.] 

mS.gistratus,  -us,  m.,  magis- 
trate, 42().     [magister.] 

magn- animus,  -a,  -um,  adj., 
great-souled,  200.  [magnus, 
animus.] 

magnus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  great, 

."So.       [cp.  jaeya?,  magis.] 

Maia,  -ae,/.,  daughter  of  Atlas, 
mother  of  Mercury  by  Ju- 
piter, 297. 

maior,  -us,  adj.,  greater,  545. 
[i.e.  magyor.] 

malum,  -i,  n.,  evil,  trouble,  198. 

malus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  bad,  evil, 
352. 

mamma,  -ae,  /.,  a  breast,  492. 
[cp.  ma-ter.] 

maneo,  -ere,  -si,  -sum,  v.n., 
remain,  2().     [jueVco.] 

mantele,  -is,  ii.,  towel,  702. 

m^nus,  -us,  /.,  hand,  187;  ^j*^., 
workmanship,  455,  592. 

mire,  -is,  n.,  sea,  32,  etc. 
[root  MAR  =  waste.] 

Mars,  -tis,  m.,  god  of  war, 
father  of  Romulus  and  Re- 
mus, 274. 

mater,  -tris,  /.,  mother,  314, 
etc.     [c}).  mamma.] 


maturo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v. a., 
hasten,  1.37.  [=mag-turo  = 
make  to  grow.] 

Mavortius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  of 
Mavors,  i.e.  Mars,  276. 

maximus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  great- 
est;  ('."^p.,  eldest,  521. 

mecum  =  cum  me,  with  me, 
379. 

meditor,  -ari,  -atus,  -sum, 
V.  dep.,  design,  074.  [root 
MADH  =  measure.] 

medius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  middle, 
mid,      intervening.       [ixeao^, 

fxeTa..] 

mel,    mellis,    n.,    honey,    432. 

[ueAt.] 

melius,  adv.,  better,  452. 

membrum,  -i,  n.,  limb,  92. 
[root  MEN  =  divide.] 

memini,  -isse,  v.n.  defect.,  re- 
member, 203.  [redupl.  root 
]\IEN  =  think;  cp.  moneo.] 

Memnon,  -onis,  m.,  beautiful 
son  of  Tithonus  and  Aurora, 
King  of  Ethiopians,  killed  at 
Troy,  by  Achilles,  489. 

memor,  -oris,  adj.,  mindful, 
23.     [=  menor,  root  MEN.] 

memSro,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v. a., 
recount,  8.     [memor.] 

me  n6,  me,  ne  (enclitic),  37, 
97. 

mens,  -tis,  /.,  mind,  20.  [root 
MEN.] 

mensa,  -ae,  /.,  table,  216.  [root 
MENS.] 

mensis,  -is,  m.,  month,  209. 
[root  MENS.] 

mercor,    -ari,    -atus,    v.    dep.. 


VOCABULAEY. 


113 


purchase,  367.     [root  MAR  = 

measure  out.] 
meritum,  -i,  n.,  merit,  desert, 

74,  IJl.     [mereo  =  earu.] 
merum,  -i,  n.,  wine,  slieer  wine, 

72ii.     [merus  =  unmixed.] 
meta,   -ae,  /.,  limit,  278.     [cp. 

metior  =  measure.] 
metuo,  -ere,   -ui,  -utum,  v. a., 

dread,  23,  61.     [metus.] 
metus,    -us,    m.,    dread,  fear, 


^0( 


my,  mine, 


-ui,    v.n.,    glitter, 
of  ego,  8.      [orig. 


meus,  -a,  -um,  adj 
231. 

mice,   -are 
flash,  90. 

mihi,   dat. 
mibhi.] 

mille,  card,  adj.,  a  thousand, 
•199;  pi.  subst.  (milia),  thou- 
sands, 491. 

minister,  -tri,  m.,  attendant, 
705.     [minus;  cj9.  magister.] 

ministro,  -are,  -avi,  -atum, 
v.a.,  supply,  150,  213.  [min- 
ister.] 

minor,  -ari,  -atus,  v.  dep., 
threaten,  162.     [mineo  =  jut.] 

minor,  -us,  adj.,  less ;  pi.  .subst., 
descendants,  532. 

minus,  adv.,  less,  633.    [miror.] 

mirabilis,  -e,  adj.,  wonderful, 
•439.     [miror.] 

miror,  -ari,  -atus,  v.  dep.,  won- 
der at,  421.     [mirus.] 

mirus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  wondrous, 
354. 

misceo,  -ere,  -ui,  mixtum  (mis- 
tum),  v.a.,  mix,  trouble,  124. 
[mix.] 


miser,      -era,      -erum,      adj., 

wretched,  hapless,  344.     [cp. 

maestus.] 
miserabilis,  -e,  adj.,  pitiable, 

111.     [miser.] 
miseror,   -ari,   -atus,    v.    dep., 

\nty,  597.      [miser.] 
mitesco,    -ere,     v.n.,     become 

mild,  291.     [mitis.] 
mitto,      -ere,     misi,     missum, 

v.a.,     send,     633;      dismiss, 

203. 
mode,    adv.,    only,    389,    401. 

[modus,  lit.  'by  measure.'] 
mSdus,   -i,   ?».,   manner   {pL), 

354.    [root  MAD;  c^J.  Me5lM^'os, 

moderor.] 
moenia,  -ium,  ??.,  walls,  town- 
walls,  7,  95.     [moenio,  munio 

=  fortify.] 
moles,    -is,   /.,   difficulty,   33; 

mass,  61,  134. 
molior,  -iri,  -itus,  v.  dep.,  bring 

about,  414;   build,  424;  con- 
trive, 564.     [moles,] 
mollio,   -ire,  -ivi,   -itum,   v.a., 

calm,  57.     [mollis.] 
mollis,  -e,  adj.,  soft,  693.     [cp. 

jixaAaKO?.] 

monile,  -is,  n.,  necklace,  654. 

mons,  -tis,  m.,  mountain,  55, 
61. 

monstro,  -are,  -avi, -atum,  v.a., 
point  out,  321.  [monstrum, 
i.e.  mon-es-trum  =  the  warn- 
ing.] 

mora,  -ae,/.,  delay,  414. 

moror,  -ari,  -atus,  v.  dep., 
delay,  670.     [mora.] 

mors,  -tis,/.,  death,  91. 


114 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


morsus,    -us,    7n.,    bite,    169. 

[iiiordeo.] 
mortaiis,  -e,  adj.,  mortal,  328. 

[mors.] 
mos,  moris,  m.,  custom,  336; 

/'/.,  laws,  264. 
moveo,  -ere,  movi,  motum,  v.a., 

move,  excite,  135;  open,  262. 
mulceo,  -ere,  mulsi,   mulsum, 

v.a.,  soothe,   (Mi.      [c}).    mul- 

gec] 
multus,  -a,  -um,   adj.,  much, 

many  (esp.  iu  pi.),  5,  31. 
munio,  -Ire,  -ivi,  -itum,   v.a., 

fortily,  271. 
munus,     -eris,  7i.,  gift,  636. 
murmur,    -uris,    ».,    murmur, 

roaring  sound,  55,  124. 
murus,   -i,   m.,  wall,  423,  483, 

[rp.  munio,  moenia.] 
MUsa,  -ae,/.,  Muse,  one  of  the 

nine  nuises,  8.     [ixovaa.] 
muto,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,   v.a., 

change,     658;      mutare     se, 

change  (r.n.),  674. 
Mycenae,  -firum,  /.,  the  chief 

city  of  Agamemnon  in  Argo- 

lis. 

nam,  con}.,  for,  308.  [vip, 
Eug.  now.] 

uamque,   couj.,  for,  65. 

nascor,  -i,  natus,  v.  dep.,  am 
born,  286.  [root  GNA  =  be 
born.] 

nata,  -ae,  ./'.,  daughter,  256, 
()54.  [root  GNA;  cp.  nas- 
cor]. 

natus,  -i,  m.,  sou,  407,  etc. 
[root  GNA.] 


navigo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

sail  over,  ()2.     [navis,  ago.] 
navis,   -is,  /.,  ship,    120,   etc. 

ne,  (:o)}j.,  lest,  299. 

-ne,  interrofjative  enclitic  par- 
ticle, 37,  97. 

nebula,  -ae,  /.,  cloud,  mist, 
412,  432.     [cp.  nubes,  i-ec^eArj.] 

nee,  conj.,  nor,  and  not,  38. 

necdum,  conj.,  nor  yet,  25. 

nectar,  -aris,  n.,  nectar  (of 
honey),  433.  [The  drink  of 
the  gods  in  Homer.] 

necto,  -ere,  -xui,  -xum,  v.a., 
join.  448. 

nefandus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  ac- 
cursed, wrong,  543.  [root  FA.] 

nemus,  -oris,   ti.,    grove,    165. 

[le/xo?.] 

Neptunus,  -i,  m.,  Neptune,  god 

of  the  sea,  125. 
nequa,  conj.,  lest  in  any  way, 

682. 
n§qud,  conj.,  nor,  and  not,  260; 

neque   enim,   for   indeed  .  .  . 

not,  198,  643. 
nequeo,  -ire,  -ivi,  -itum,  v.n., 

nm  unable,  713.     [queo.] 
nequis,  pron.,  lest    any,    413, 

674. 
nescio,  -ire,  -ivi,   -itum,   v.n., 

l)e  ignorant  of,  565.     [scio.] 
nescius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  ignorant, 

299. 
neu,  conj.,  nor,  413.     [ne,  ve  = 

or.] 
ni,  <-onj.,  if  not,  58,  392. 
niger,  -gra,  -grum,  adj.,  black, 

489. 


VOCABULARY. 


115 


niliil,   indecl.   subst.,   nothing. 

[ne  liilum.] 
nimbosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  stormy, 

535.     [nimbus.] 
nimbus,  -i,  in.,  storm  cloud,  51, 

80. 
niteo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n.,  be  bright, 

228. 
niveus,   -a,  -um,  adj.,  snowy, 

4()i).     [nix,  nivis.] 
nodus,  -i,  m.,  knot,  296. 
nomen,    -inis,    n.,    name,    re- 
nown, 248,  37G.     [root  GNO  = 

know.] 
non,     adv.,    not,    98.       [orig. 

noenum,      i.e.      ne      oenum 

(unum)  =not  one.] 
nos,  proii.  pi.  of  ego,  250. 
noster,  -tra,  -trum,  adj.,  our, 

330. 
notus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  known, 

well  known,  GG9.     [nosco.] 
notus,  -i,  m.,  the  south  wind, 

85;   wind    (in  general),  575. 

v6ro^.\ 

novem,  card,  adj.,  nine,  245. 
novitas,  -atis, /.,  newness,  563. 

[novus.] 
ndvus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  new,  307. 

\yiFo<;.\ 

nox,  -ctis,/.,  night,  80.     {yv^.l 
noxa,      -ae,     /.,      guilt,      41. 

[noceo.] 
nubes,  -is,  /.,  cloud,  88.     [root 

NUB  =  veil ;  cp.  nubo.] 
nudo,   -are,   -avi,   -atum,    v. a., 

lay    bare,     strip,     211,     356, 

[nudus.] 
nudus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    bare, 

320. 


nullus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  no,  none, 

184.     [ne  ullus.] 
numen,  -inis,  n.,  divinity,  divine 

power,  8, 48.   [root  NU=nod.] 
numerus,  -i,  m.,  number,  193. 

[(:p.  I'ofj.o'i, '  that  which  is  dealt 

out.'] 
nunc,  adv.,  now,  220. 
nuntio,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

announce,  391.     [nuntius,  i.e. 

novi-ventius.] 
nutrimentum,    -i,   n.,    fodder, 

176.     [nutrio  =  nourish.] 
nutrix,    -icis,  /.,    nurse,    275. 

[nutrio.] 
nympha,  -ae,  /,  n.,  nymph,  a 

class    of    inferior    goddesses 

who  haunted  the  sea,  woods, 

etc.       [=  vvfji.4>rj.] 

0,  interj.,  O  !  oh! 

oh,  prep.  'With  ace,  on  account 

of,  4,  41.       {(-p.    eTTu] 

ob'iectus,  -us,  m.,  jutting,  [ob, 

iaeio.] 
ob'latus,    -a,    -um,     part,    of 

of'fero,  meeting,  450. 
obTuo,    -ere,    -i,    -itum,    v.a., 

overwhelm,  69. 
ob'scurus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  shady, 

thick,  411.      [root  SCU  =  to 

cover ;  cp>.  scvitum.] 
ob'stipesco,  -ere,  -stipui,  v.n., 

be  astonished. 
ob"sto,  -fire,  -stiti,  -stitum,  v.n., 

hinder,  746. 
ob'tusus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  blunted, 

567.     [obtundo  =  blunt.] 
ob'tutus,   -us,   m.,    gaze,    495. 

[tueor  =  see.] 


116 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


obvius,  -a,  -uin,  adj.,  so  as  to 

meet,     [ob,  via.] 
oc'casus,    -us,    //(.,    fall,    238. 

[cfi.lo  =  fall.] 
occubo,  -are,  v.n.,  lie  low,  547. 

[ob.  cilbo.] 
OC'Culo,   -ere,   -cului,    -cultum, 

r.d.,  hide,  312.     [ob,  eolo.] 
oc'cultus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  secret, 

688.     [occiilo.] 
oc"Cumbo,   -ere,   -cubui,  -ciibi- 

tuiii,  r.)).,  fall  (in  death),  97. 

[ob,  cuiiibo.] 
oc'curro,   -ere,   -i,  -sum,    v.n., 

meet,  682.     [ob,  curro.] 
oceanus,  -i,  m.,  ocean,  a  river 

running     round    the    earth. 

[a)»ceai'6s.J 

ociilus,   -i,   m.,   eye,   89.      [cp. 

oa-o-o/uLa(.  =  see;  Eng.  eye.] 
odium,  -i,  n.,  hate,  hatred,  361. 

[odi  =  I  hate.] 
odor,    -oris,    in.,    smell,    fra- 
grance,  403.     [root  OD;   cp. 

oleo,  5^(0.] 
Oenotri,  -orum,  7n.,  Oenotrians, 

in  south-east  Italy,  532  (poet. 

for  Oenotrii). 
of'fero,  -ferre,  obtuli,  oblatum, 

r.o..,  put  in  the   way.     [ob, 

fero.] 
of-ficium,  -i,  n.,  kindness,  548. 

[ob,  filcio.] 
Oileus,   -i,    in.,   father    of    the 

lesser  Ajax,  41. 
olim,  adv.,  hereafter,  one  day, 

20,  203,   234,   289;   formerly, 

653.     [olle.] 
olle,  old  form  o/ille. 
Olympus,   -i.   m.,   Olympus,   a 


mountain  in  Thessaly,  on 
which  Homer's  gods  dwelt; 
hen  re,  heaven,  sky,  374. 

omni-potens,  -tis,  adj.,  al- 
mighty, 60.     [omnis,  putens.] 

omnis,  -e,  adj.,  all,  every,  15, 
32,  74.  [perhaps  akin  to 
ambo.] 

onero,  -fire,  -avi,  -atum,  v. a., 
load,  store,  195.     [onus.] 

onus,  -eris,  n.,  load,  434. 

onustus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  laden, 
289.     [onus.] 

op-,/',  defect.,  power,  601;  pi., 
means,  14,  571. 

opimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  rich,  fer- 
tile, 621.  [ob,  *pimo  =  fatten; 
cp.  pi'nguis.] 

op'perior,  -iri,  -peritus  (per- 
tus) ,  V.  dep.,  await,  454.  [ob, 
*perior  {whence  peritus) ;  cp. 
experior.] 

oppeto,  -ere,  -ivi,  -itum,  v. a., 
meet  (death),  die,  96.  [ob, 
peto.] 

opprimo,  -ere,  -pressi,  -pres- 
sum,  v.a.,  overwhelm,  129. 
[ob,  premo.] 

opto,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 
wish,  76;  choose,  425.  [root 
OP  =  look;  Gk.  6ii/oMai.] 

Spulentus,  -a,  -um,  adj., 
wealthy,  447.     [op-.] 

opus,  -eris,  ».,  work,  455.  [San- 
skrit, apas  =  work.] 

ora.  -ae,  /.,  shore,  coast,  1,  95. 

orbis,  -is,  m.,  globe,  world, 
233:  round,  cycle,  269. 

ordior,  -Iri,  orsus,  v.  dep.,  be- 
gin, 325.     [lit. 'lay  a  web.'] 


VOCABULARY. 


117 


ordo,  -inis,  m.,  order  (esp.  in 
abl.),  395.  [root  OR-;  cp. 
oriov.] 

Oreas,     -fidis,    /.,     mountain- 

nj'lUph,  500.       ['Opeias.] 

Oriens, -tis  {sc.  sol),  the  east, 
28!).     [orior.] 

origo,  -luis,  /.,  beginning,  372; 
descent,  286.     [orior,] 

Orion,  -ouis,  in.,  a  mighty- 
hunter,  after  death  a  con- 
stellation, 535  (note). 

orior,  -iri,  ortus,  v.  dep.,  rise, 
be  sprung,   G26.     [root   OR-, 

Cp.  oprvfjiL.j 

ornatus,   -us,  7n.,   adornment, 

^  650.     [orno.] 

Orontes,  -is,  m.,  a  Trojan,  113, 

2'-:o. 
orsus,    -a,  -um,   2)art.    of   or- 

dior. 
ortus,  -a,  -um,  pai'f.  o/ orior. 
OS,   oris,    n.,  face,  mouth,  315. 

[Sanskrit  asya  =  face.] 
OS,  ossis,  71.,  bone,  660  (note). 

[ocrreoi'.J 

osculum,   -i,   72.,  mouth,   kiss, 

2.56.     [dim.  of  os.] 
ostendo,    -ere,  -i,  -turn,  v.a., 

point  out,  206.     [obs,  tendo.] 
Ostium,  -i,  71.,  mouth  (of  river, 

etc.),  14,  400.     [os.] 
ostrum,  -i,  n.,  purple,  639,  700. 

[ocrrpeov.] 

pabulum,  -i,  ??.,  food,  grass, 
473.     [root  PA,  cp.  pasco.] 

paenitet,  -uit,  v.  impers.,  it 
repents,  549.  [root  PU  = 
cleanse;  cp.  poena.] 


palla,    -ae,    /.,    shawl,      [cp. 

pellis.] 
Pallas,    -adis,    /.,    epithet    of 

Athena   (confused   with  the 

Roman  goddess  Minerva) . 
pallidus,   -a,   -um,   adj.,  pale, 

354.         [palleo,       cp.       pul- 

lus.] 
palma,  -ae,/*.,  palm  (of  hand), 

93,  481.       [TraAafXT).] 

Paphos,  -i,  /.,  city  in  Cyprus 

sacred  to  Venus. 
Parcae,   -arum,    /.,   the  three 

fates,   viz.  Clotho,  Lachesis, 

and  Atropos. 
parco,   -ere,   peperci,   parsum, 

V.71.,   spare.      [=sparco;   cjy.. 

cTTTapro?  =  rare.] 
parens,  -utis,  7n.f.,  parent,  75» 

392.     [pario.] 
pareo,   -ere,    -ui,    -itum,    v.n.,. 

obey,     682,     695.       [intrans. 

form  of  paro  =  make  ready.] 
pario.     -ere,    peperi,    partum 

(paritum),  v.a.,  bring  forth. 

[Gk.    e'TTOp'OV.j 

Paris,  -idis,  m.,  son  of  Priam, 

King  of  Troy,  the   ravisher 

of   Helen   and   cause   of  the 

Trojan  War,  27. 
Parius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Parian,. 

of  Paros  (an  isle  in  Aegaean) , 

592. 
paro,    -are,   -avi,   -atum,   v.a', 

prepare,  678. 
pars,  -tis,/.,  part,   212;   j^^t^s 

.  .  .  pars,  some  .  .  .  others,  423. 

[portio,  e-rropoi'.] 

partior,    -Iri,    -itus,    v.    dep.,. 
divide,  194.     [pars.] 


118 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


partus,  -lis,  m.,  bringing  forth, 

274.      [pfirio.] 
pasco,  -ere,  pavi,  pastum,  v. a., 

feed,    4G4.       [root    PA-;    cj). 

l»a"liuluin,  pa'stor.] 
Patavium,  -i,  ».,  town  in  North 

Italj',  now  Padua, 
pateo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n.,  lie  open, 

2<)8.   [root  PAT,  cp.  spatium.] 
pater,    -tris,    m.,    father,    GO. 

[root  PA  =  feed.] 
patera,    -ae,    /.,    goblet,    739. 

[pfiteo.] 
patior,    pati,   passus,   v.   dep., 

suffer,  endure,  5;  allow,  38G, 

note, 
patria,     -ae,    /.,     fatherland, 

country,  51.     [pater.] 
patrius,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    of   a 

father,  G20,  643.     [pater.] 
pauci,  -ae,  -a,  adj.,  few,  538. 

[root  PAU-,  CJ).  navix),  pau-lo, 

pau-per.] 
paulatim,  adv.,  gi-adually,  720. 

[paukim.] 
pax,  -cis,  ./■.,  peace,  249.     [root 

PAC,  PAG,  cp.  pa(n)go,  pa- 

ciscor.] 
pectus,    -oris,    n.,  breast,    36, 

44. 
pecus,  -oris,  n.,  herd,  lot,  435. 

[root  PAG.] 
pecus,     -udis,   /.,    beast,    743. 

[root  PAG.] 
pelagus,  -i,  n.,  sea,  main,  138. 

[TreAayo?.] 

Pglasgus.  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Pelas- 
giaii,  of  tlie  Pelasgi,  old  in- 
habitants of  Greece;  hence, 
Greeks,  624. 


pelta,    -ae,    /.,    small,    light, 
crescent-shaped    shield,   490. 

\ne\Tr).\ 

,  penates,   -ium,  m.,   household 

gods,    704.       [root    PA;    cp. 

pater,    j)anis;    penus,    pene- 

tro.] 
pendeo,  -ere,  pependi,  pensum, 

v.n.,  liaug,  be  suspended,    [cp. 

funda  =  sling.] 
penetro,  -fire,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

enter,    243.      [root    PA-,  see 

penates.] 
penitus,  adv.,  within,  deeply, 

200.  [root  PA,  see  penates.] 
Penthesilea,  -ae,  /.,  queen  of 
^.    the    Amazons,    slain    before 

Troy  by  Achilles,  491. 
penus,  -us,  m.,  provisions,  704. 

[root  PA-.] 
peplus,    -i,     m.,     robe,      408. 

[TreTrAo;.] 

per,  pi^ep.  with  ace.  (i.)  of 
place,  through,  59;  through- 
out, ()91,  725;  over,  along, 
18G,  214.  (ii.)  of  time, 
through,     during,     31,     305. 

\jiTap6..'] 

per-S,gro,    -are,    -avi,     -atum, 

r.((.,  traverse,  384. 
perxutio,  -ere,  -cussi,  -cussum, 

v.a.,    strike   (metaph.),   513. 

[quatio.] 
perfero,  -ferre,  -tuli,   -latum, 

v.a.,  bear,  betake,  389. 
per-flo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

blow  over,  83.  ,], 

Pergima,  -orum,  n.X)l.,  citadel 

of  Troy,  466,  651. 
per-go,     -ere,     perrexi,      per- 


VOCABULARY. 


119 


rectum,  v. a.,    proceed,    372. 

[per,  rego.] 
periculum,  -i,  n.,  danger,  615. 

[root  PERI;  cp.  opperior.] 
per'labor,  -i,  -lapsus,  v.  dep., 

glide  over,  liT. 
perTQisceo,  -ere,  -ui,  -mixtum 

(mistum),  v.a.,  mix,  488. 
per'initto,  -ere,  -misi,  -missum, 

v.a.,  allow,  5i0. 
per'solvo,   -ere,    -i,    -soMtum, 

v.a.,  pay,  600. 
per"s6no,  -are,  -ui,  -itum,  v.a., 

fill  with  souud,  741. 
per'tempto,  -are,  -avi,  -atum, 

v.a.,  assail,  502. 
pes.  pedis,  m.,  foot,  404.  [n-oi;?.] 
pestis,    -is,    m.,    jplague,   712. 

[=perd-tis;  cjj.  perdo.] 
peto,  -ere,  -ivl,  -itum,  v.a.,  seek, 

181;  make  for,   158;  attack, 

717.       [lit.,  fall  upon,  7reT0/J.ai.] 

pharetra,  -ae,  /.,  quiver,  323. 

IjPapeTpa.] 

Phoebus,  -i,  m.,  Phoebus,  an 
epithet  of  Apollo,  329. 
[(fyol^os  =  bright.] 

Phoenices,  -um,  m.,  Phoeni- 
cians, 344. 

Pboenissa,  -ae,  /.,  Phoenician 
woman  {i.e.  Dido),  670,  714. 
[fem.  of  Phoenix.] 

Phrygius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Phry- 
gian, belonging  to  Phrygia, 
the  north-west  district  of 
Asia  Minor,  in  which  Troy 
stood,  hence,  Trojan,  182, 
381,  618. 

Phryx,  -gis,  m.f.,  a  Phrygian, 
i.e.  Trojan,  468. 


Pthia,  -ae,  /.,  a  city  of  Thes- 

saly,  birthplace  of  Achilles, 

284. 
pictura,    -ae,    /.,    a    picture, 

painting,     464.        [pi(n)go  = 

paint.] 
pictus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  painted, 

embroidered,  708,  711. 
pietas,  -atis,  /.,  observance  of 

duty,     10,  '  151,     253,     545. 

[liius.] 
pinguis,  -e,  adj.,  fat,  215,  635. 

[root  PAG;  c;^.  pango.] 
plus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  observant 

of  duty,  loyal,  220,  305,  378,, 

526,603.      [cp.  Wco?] 
placidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  calm, 

127,    249,    521,    691.       [lit.  = 

pleasing ;  cp.  placeo.] 
placitus,    -a,    -um,   part.,  de- 
cided,  283.      [impers.   placet 

=  it  is  decided.] 
placo,  -are,   -avi,  -atum,  v.a.y 

calm,  smooth,  142. 
plaga,  -ae,/.,  region,  394.   [root 

PLAC-  =  flat ;  cp.  planus.] 
plausus,  -fis,  111.,  clapping,  ap- 
plause, 747.      [plaudo  =  clap 

the  hands.] 
plenus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  full,  400, 

460,    739.       [root    PLE ;    cp. 

plebS,  populus,  7ri>7rATj|at.] 

plus,  compar.  adj.,  more,  385. 

[root  PLE.] 
plurimus,  -a,  -um,  superl.  adj., 

very  many,  305 ;   in  mighty 

mass,  419.     [root  PLE.] 
pluvius,  -a,  -um,   adj.,   rainy, 

744.     [pluo  =  rain ;  cp.  ttAcw  = 

sail.] 


120 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


poculum.  -i,    n.,    goblet,  706. 

[root  F0  =  drink.] 
poena,  -ae,/.,  punishment,  136. 

[root  PU  ;  see  paenitet.] 
Poeni.  -orum,  m.,  Phoenicians, 

Ciirtlia.iiinians,  302,  442,  567. 
polliceor,   -eri,   -itus,   i\  dep., 

promise,  237.     [por  {=TTp6^), 

iToeor.] 
pdlus,  -i,  ?n.,  pole,  sky,  90,  398, 

()08.       [7r6Ao?.] 

pono,  -ere,  po-sui,  po-s!tum, 
v.a.,  place,  set,  278,  706;  lay, 
173;  build,  264;  lay  aside, 
291 ,  302.  [=  por  (=  7rp6?) ,  sino.] 

pontus,   -i,   m.,    sea,    40,    etc. 

[ttotto?.  J 

pdposci,  redupl.  perf.  o/posco. 
pdpulo,  -are,  -avi,  -atura,  v.a., 

lay  waste,   527.      [populus  = 

throw  number  of  men  over  a 

country.] 
pSpulus,   -i,  m.,  people,  tribe, 

21, 148,  225,  263.     [root  PLE-, 

see  planus.] 
porta,  -ae,  /.,  gate,  83.     [root 

PAR  =  pierce.] 
porto,   -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

bear,    carry,    68.       [=  forto, 

frequ.  of  fero.] 
portus,  -us,   in.,  harbour,  159. 

[root  PAR  =  pierce.] 
posco.  -ere,  poposci,  v.a.,  de- 

nuind,  414,  728 ;  request,  666. 

[root  PORC-  ;  cp.  precor.] 
pdsitus,  -a,  -um,  part,  of  pono. 
possum,  posse,  potui,  v.n.,  am 

able,  38.     [potis,  sum.] 
post,  (i).  adv.,  afterwards,  136, 

612,  740;  (ii.)  prep,  with  ace, 


after,  296.     {op.  po-ne,  post- 

remus.] 
post'h£lbeo,    -ere,    -ui,    -itum, 

v.a.,  esteem  less,  neglect,  16. 
postquam,   conj.,   after   that, 

154. 
pdtens,   -tis,   adj.,   lord    {v:ith 

f/en.),  80;  powerful,  531. 
pStentia,   -ae,  /.,   power,  664. 

[potens.] 
p6tior,  -iri,  -itus  sura,  v.  dep., 

gain  {loith  ahl.),  172.    [potis.] 
prae-cipue,     adv.,     especially, 

220.  712.     [prae,  capio.] 
praeda,  -ae,  /.,  prey,  210,  528. 

[=  praeheuda ;     from    prae- 

hendo.] 
prae'mitto,   -ere,   -misi,    -mis- 
sum,  v.a.,  send  forward,  644. 
praemium,   -i,    n.,    prize,    re- 
ward, 461,  ()05.     [prae,   emo 

=  get  before  others.] 
praeruptus,     -a,    -um,    part., 

broken  off,  rugged,  105. 
praesens,  -tis,    adj.,    present, 

iiistnnt,  91.     [praesum.] 
praosepe,  -is,  n.,  an  enclosure 

(of  any  kind),  a  hive,  435. 
prae'sto,    -fire,  -stiti,  -stTtura, 

r./(.,  excel,  71;  v.  impiers.,  it 

is  better,  135. 
praeterea.     adv.,     hereafter, 

49;      moreover,      647,      653. 

[=  praeter  ea  or  praeter  earn 

(rem).] 
praeverto.  -ere,  -i,  -sum,  v.a., 

prcoccujiy,  721. 
prae-vertor,   v.  dep.,  outstrip, 

721. 
pr§mo,   -ere,   pressi,   pressum, 


VOCABULARY. 


121 


v.a.,    keep    down,    54,    209; 

tighten  (reins),  63;  oppress, 

285;  overwhelm,  24(3;  pursue 

closely,  324,  467. 
Priamus,  -i,  m.,  the  aged  king 

of  Troy,   458,   461,  487,  654, 

7oO. 
pridem,  adv.,  for  a  long  time, 

long,  722.     [pri  (=  prae)  with 

demonstrative  -dem.] 
primum,     adv.,    firstly,     174, 

[primus.] 
primus,  -a,  -um,  svperl.  adj., 

first,  earliest,  1 ;  in  the  front 

rank,  24.     [pri  (=  prae) ;  cj). 

prior,  prisons.] 
princeps,  -cipis,  in./.,  a  chief, 

488.     [primus,  capio.] 
prior,  -oris,  compar.  adj.,  for- 
mer, first  (of  two),  321,  548, 

581.     [pri-.] 
priusquam,  conj.,  before  that, 

192,  472. 
pro,  prep.,  on  behalf  of,  24;  in 

return  for,   74;    instead    of, 

659. 
procax,  -acis,  adj.,  saucy,  wan- 
ton. .536.     [cp.  precor.] 
procella,    -ae,   /.,    storm,    85, 

102.      [pro;    root    CEL,    cp. 

celer.] 
prScer,  -eris,  in.,  a  noble,  740, 

[pro:  CAR,  root  of  creo.] 
procul,   ad.v.,    far,    469.      [cp. 

procello  =  drive  away.] 
pro -do,    -dere,    -didi,    -ditum, 

v.a.,  betray,  252,  470. 
prdficiscor,    -i,    profectus,    v. 

dep.,  set  forth,  340,  732.    [lit,, 

'make  forth,'  pro,  facio.] 


pro 'for,   -fari,  -fatus,  v.  dep., 

speak  out,  561. 
prd'ftigxis,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  fugi- 
tive, 2. 
pro  fundus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  deep, 

high,  58. 
progenies,  -ei,/.,  offspring,  19, 

2."i0.     [root  GEN;  cp.  gigno.] 
prohibeo,  -ere,  -ui,  -itum,  v.a., 

keep  away,  525,  540,    [habeo.] 
proles,  -is,/.,  offspring,  75,  274. 

[pro,  root  AL,  cp.  alo.] 
pro'luo,    -ere,    -i,    -tum,    v.a., 

drench,  swill,  739.    [cp.  Kovia.'] 
pro-mitto,  -ere,  -nnsi,  -missum, 

v.a.,  promise,  258. 
pronus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  forward, 

headlong,   115.     [root   PRA; 

cp.  prae,  n-pai'jjs.] 
propius,    adv.,    more    nearh^ 

nearer,    526.       [prope;    pro, 

demonstrative  -pe.] 
proprius,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    my 

(thy,  etc.)  own,  73, 
prora,    -ae,    /.,     prow,     104. 

[-poipa.] 

proTuptus,     -a,    -um,     part., 

bursting    forth,    246.       [l^ro- 

rumpo.] 
prospectus,  -iis,  m.,  outlook, 

view.  181.     Q)ro"spicio.] 
pro'spicio,   -ere,  -spexi,  -spec- 

tum,    v.a.,   look    forth,   127; 

espy,  185,     [specio.] 
proximus,     -a,     -um,     svperl. 

adj.,  nearest,  157.     [prope.] 
pubes,    -is,    /.,     youth,     399. 

[root  PU  =  beget ;  cp.  puer,] 
puer,     pueri,     m.,    boy,    267. 

[root  PU  =  beget;  cp.  pubes.] 


OF  TER 


122 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


pugna,  -ae,/.,  battle,  450.   [root 

PUG;  cp.  puiigo,  pugil.] 
pulcher,   -chra,   -chrum,    adj., 

beauteous,  fair,  72,  75.     [i.e. 

pol-eer,  root  POL  =  bright.] 
pulsus,  -a,  -um,  part,  of  pello. 
pulvis,  -eris,  m.,  dust,  478. 
Punicus,  -a,  -um,  a(JJ.,  Punic, 

Carthaginian,  338.     [Poeni.] 
puppis,   -is,   /.,    ship's    stern, 

ship,  69,  115. 
purgo,  -are,  -avi,  -utum,  v.a., 

clear,    587.        [coutr.     from 

pfirigo;  purus,  ago.] 
purpureas,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  red, 

bright-coloured  (a  very  vague 

word),  337,  591.     Q^urpura.] 
Pygmalion,   -onis,   ni.,    Dido's 

brother,  347,  364. 

qua,  where,  401,  418.     [qui.] 
quaere,   -ere,    quaeslvi,    quae- 

situm,   v.a.,   seek,   380,    595; 

inquire,  309,  370. 
quails,  -e,  adj.,  of  such  a  kind 

as,  such  as,  31(5,  430,  498,  539 ; 

of  what  kind,  752. 
quam,   conj.,  than,    192,    472; 

adr.,  how,  327. 
quando,  roiij.,  since,  201. 
quantus,   -a,   -um,    adj.,    how 

gi-rat,  719,  752. 
quare,  adv.,  wherefore,  G27. 
quasso,  -fire,  -avi,  -utum,  v.a., 

shatter,  551.      [quatio.] 
qua,t§r,  adv.,  four  times,  94. 
-qu§,     co-ord.     conj.     {enclitic 

folloioimi  its  word),  and. 
qu§ror,   -i,    questus,    v.    dep., 

complain,  385. 


qui,  quae,  quod,  rel.  pron.y 
who,  what,  which,  1,  G2,  etc. 

quid,  interrofj.  adv.,  why?  407, 
518,  745. 

quies,  -etis,  /.,  rest,  691,  723. 

l/'jy.  KelfiaL.j 

quiesco,  -ere,  -evi,  -etum,  v.n., 

rest,  249.     [quies.] 
quietus,  -a,  -um,  ac(/.,  tranquil, 

303.     [quies.] 
quin,  adv.,  nay  more,  279.  [qui 

(abl.),ne.] 
quinquaginta,  card,  adj.,  fifty, 

703. 
quippe,  adv.,  indeed,  forsooth, 

.".9.  59,  661.     [qui  (abl.),  -pe.] 
Quirinus,  -i,  m.,  a  name  of  the 

deified  Romulus,  292.     [prob. 

from  Sabine  town  Cures.] 
quis,    quae,    quid    (qui,   quae, 

quod),  interrofj.  pron.,  who? 

what?  which?  76,  etc.     \cp. 

quisquam,     quaequam,     quic- 

quam  ((piidquam) ,  pron.,  any 

one,  48. 
quisquis.    quaeqnae,    quicquid 

(quodquod,  quidquid),  pron., 

whosoever,  387. 
quo,  adv.,  whither,  where,  442, 

(Ml. 

quocirca,  adr.,  wlierefore,  673. 
quondam,  adv.,  formerly,  421. 

[quom    (=cum),    demonstr., 

dam.] 
qu6que,  adv.,  also,  5,  etc. 

rabies,  -ei,/.,  rage,  200. 
ripidus,   -a,  -um,  adj.,  swift, 
violent,  42, 117,  644.     [rupio.] 


VOCABULARY. 


123 


rS-pio,  -ere,  -iii,  raptum,  v.a., 
carry  off,  28,  528 ;  catch,  176 ; 
snatch,   rescue,    378.       [root 

RAP  ;    Cp.  apndi^ix).] 

rapto,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,   v.a., 

dvdg,  483.     [rapio.] 
rarus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  scattered, 

here  and  there,  118. 
ratis,   -is,  /.,   ship,   hark,    43. 

[rp.  epeTr?s  =  a  rower.] 
recens,   -tis,   adj.,   fresh,    417. 

[re,  cand-;  cp.  candeo.] 
rexipio,   -ere,  -cepi,    -ceptum, 

v.a.,   get  back,    rescue,    178, 

553,  583.     [capio.] 
recludo,   -ere,  -si,  -sum,  v.a., 

disclose,  358.     [claudo.] 
re'condo,   -ere,   -didi,    -dituin, 

v.a.,  hide  away,  681. 
rectum,     -i,     n.,     right,     604. 

[rego.] 
re'curso,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.n., 

come  again  and   again,  662. 

[curro.] 
red"do,  -ere,  -didi,  -ditum,  v.a., 

give  back,  401).     [red  (=re), 

do.] 
redoleo,    -ere,    -ui,    v.n.,    be 

fragrant,   436.      [red    (=re), 

oleo.] 
re'duco,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a., 

bring  back,  143. 
re* dux,  -ducis,  adj.,  returned, 

390,  .397. 
rgductus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  retired, 

161.     [reduco.] 
re'fero,  -ferre,  rettiili,  relatum, 

r.a.,  utter,  94,  208;  change, 

281 ;  bring  back,  309. 
refulgeo,     -ere,    -fulsi,    v.n.. 


shine,    be    resplendent,    402, 

588. 
re'fundo,   -ere,  -fudi,    -fusum, 

v.a.,  pour  back, 
re'fusus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  stream- 
ing back,  126. 
regalis,  -e,  adj.,  royal,  637,  686. 

[root  REG ;  cp.  rex,  rego.] 
regina,  -ae,  f.,  queen,  9,  etc. 

[root  REG.] 
regio,   -onis,  /.,   country,  460. 

[root  REG.] 
regius,   -a,    -um,    adj.,    royal, 

princely,   443,   631,  677,  696. 

[rex.] 
regno,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.n., 

reign,   141,   265,    272.      [root 

REG.] 
regnum,   -i,   n.,   reign,  realm, 

seat  of  empire,    17,  78,  etc. 

[root  REG.] 
rego,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a.,  rule, 

control,  153,  230,  340.     [root 

REG;    cp.  opeyo).] 

re'latus,  -a,-um,p«ri.,  brought 

back,  390. 
reliquiae,  -arum,/.,  remnants, 

30, 598  (see  note) .    [relinquo.] 
remigium,  -i,  n.,  oarage,  301. 

[remus,  ago.] 
re'mordeo,  -ere,  -i,  -sum,  v.a., 

gnaw,  torture,  261. 
re'moveo,  -ere,  -movi,  -motum, 

r.a.,  take  away,  216,  723. 
remus,      -i,      m.,      oar,      552. 

[eper/oto?.] 

Eemus,  -i,  m.,  the  brother  of 

Romulus,  292. 
re'pendo,  -ere,  -i,  -sum,  v.a., 

weigh  back,  repay,  239. 


124 


LA  TIN-EN GL  IS  II 


r6pent6,    adv.,  suddenly,  o8G, 

5;  14. 
r6p§to,   -Qre,  -ivi  (-ii),  -Itum, 

r.ii.,  search,  search  l)ack,  'M2. 
repono,  -ere,  -pnsui,  -positum, 

v.a.,  lay  up,  2(5 ;  restore,  253. 
rgquiro,  -ere,  -quisivi,  -quisi- 

tum,  v.a.,  seek,  217.  [({uaero.] 
res,   rei,  ./".,   thing;    but  to  be 

variously  translated  accord- 
ing to  the  context,  178,  204, 

207,   229,   etc.      [root   RA-  = 

think  ;  cp.  reor,  ratus.] 
r§ses,     -Tdis,     adj.,    stagnant, 

quiet,  722  ;  (notn.  sincj.  does 

not  occur),     [re,  sedeo.] 
resido,    -ere,    -sedi,    -sessum, 

v.n.,  sit  down,  50G. 
re'sisto,  -ere,  restiti,  v.n.,  stand 

forth,  58G. 
respecto,    -are,    -avi,    -utum, 

v.a.,  regard,  603. 
respondeo,  -ere,  -i,  -sum,  v.n., 

answer  to,  585. 
re'sto,  -sire,  -stiti,  v.n.,  remain, 

556 ;  survive,  679. 
r^supinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  with 

upturned  lace,  476. 
resurgo,   -ere,   -surrexi,   -sur- 

rectum,  v.n.,  rise  again,  206. 
rStego,    -ere,    -texi,    -tectum, 

v.(t.,  reveal,  disclose,  356. 
r6'viso,  -ere,  -visi,  v.a.,  revisit, 

415. 
rgvdco,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

recall,   pluck    up,    202,    214; 

revive,  235. 
r«x,  regis,  m.,  king,  52,  etc. 
Khesus,    -i,    m.,    a    Thracian 

prince    whose    horses    were 


taken   and  himself  slain  by 

Ulysses  and  Diomedes,  4(59. 
rigeo,  -ere,  -m,  v.n.,   be  stiff, 

458.      [('p.  frigeo.] 
rima,  -ae,/.,  chink,  123.     [root 

RIG  =  gape.] 
ripa,  -ae,/.,  bank,  498. 
robur,   -oris,    n.,    hard   wood, 

strength. 
rSglto,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

ask  often,  750.     [rogo.] 
Roma,  -ae,/.,  Rome,  7.     [perh. 

from  root  SRU  =  Srouma,  i.e. 

River-town.] 
Rdmanus,  -a,  -um,   adj.,    Ro- 
man, of  Rome,  33. 
Eomani,   -oruni,   m.,  Romans, 

'234,  277,  282. 
Romulus,   -i,   m.,  the  reputed 

founder  of  Rome,  276. 
rdseus,     -a,   -um,    adj.,    rosy, 

beauteous,  402.     [rosa.] 
rdta,  -ae,/.,  wheel,  147. 
rudens,   -entis,   m.,   cable,   87. 

[peril,  cp.  rudo  =  creak.] 
ruina,   ae,  /.,    downfall,    fall, 

129,238,647.     [ruo.] 
ruo,   -ere,  -i,  -itum,  v.a.,  tear 

up.  35 ;  v.n.,  rush  forth,  83,  85. 
rupes,   -is,  /.,   rock,   162,   310, 

429.     [rumpo.] 
rus,  vuris,  n.,  country,  field,  430. 
RutMi,  -orum,  ni.,    the  Rutu- 

lians,   a  people    of    Latiuni, 

266. 

Sibaeus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Sa- 
baean,  416.  [Saba,  the  chief 
town  in  Arabia  Felix,  famous 
for  fraukincense.J 


VOCABULARY. 


125 


sacerdos,   -otis,  m.f.    (priest), 

priestess,  273.      [siicer,] 
sacratus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  conse- 
crated, sacred,  681,     [sacro.] 
saeculum,    -i,    n.,  generation, 

age,  2!tl,  445,  606. 
saepe,  adv.,  often,  148,  669. 
saepio,   -ire,   saepsi,   saeptum, 

v.d.,  hedge  in,  surround,  411, 

432,  506.     [saepes.] 
saevio,  -ire,    -ii,    -itum,    v. a., 

rage,  149.     [sae\'Tis.] 
saevus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  raging, 

cruel,   fierce,   4,  25,  99,  138, 

458. 
sagitta,    -ae,   /.,    arrow,    187. 

[root  SAGH  =  sharp.] 
sal,  salis,  m.  (salt),  brine,  35, 

173.      [cp.  aAs.] 
saltern,    adv.,    at    least,    557. 

[aceus.  of  salus,  lit.  =  saving.] 
salum,  -i,  n.,  the  salt  sea,  537. 

[|al.] 
salus.  -utis,/.,  safety,  451,  463. 

[root  SAR  =  guard  ;   cp.  sal- 

vus.  servo  ;  oAo?,  whole. 
Samos,  -i,  /.,  Sainos,  a  large 

island  off  the  west  coast  of 

Asia  Minor  sacred  to  Juno, 

16. 
sanctus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  sacred, 

426.     [sancio.] 
sanguis,  -inis,  m.,  blood,  race, 

parentage,  19,  235,  329,  550. 
Sarpedon,   -onis,  m.,  king    of 

Lycia,  slain  at  Troy,  100. 
sator,   -oris,   m.,    father,    254. 

[sero,  root  SA  =  sow.] 
Saturnia,  -ae,  /.,  daughter  of 

Saturn,  i.e.  Juno,  23, 


Saturnius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Sa- 
turnian,  569. 

saxum,  -i,  n.,  rock,  crag,  rocky- 
cave,  108,  109.     [cp.  seco.] 

scaena,  -ae,  /.,  stage,  back- 
ground, 164,  429.       [<TK-rjvq.] 

scelus,  -eris,  n.,  crime,  guilt, 

347,  356. 
sceptrum,     -i,     n.,     sceptre, 

power,     57,     78,     253,     653. 

[crKTJTTTpOl'.J 

scnicet,  adv.,  you  must  know, 

[scire,  -licet.] 
scindo,  -ere,  scidi,  scissum,  v.a., 

cleave,  161,  587. 
scintilla,  -ae,  /.,    spark,    174. 

[cp.  airu-erip.] 

scio,  -Ire,  scivi,  scitum,  v.n., 
know,  know  how,  63,  682. 

scdpulus,  -i,  m.,  rock,  crag, 
cliff,  45,    145,    163,    166,   180. 

[cTKOTreAo?,] 

scutum,  -i,  n.,  shield,  101.    [see 

obscurus.] 
Scyllaeus,  -a,  -um,  of  Scylla,  a 

sea-monster  with  dogs  about 

the    middle,     haunting     the 

rock   on    the    Italian    coast, 

opposite  to  Charybdis  on  the 

Sicilian  coast,  200. 
se,    reflexive    pronoun,    him-, 

her-,  itself,  themselves,  131, 

etc. 
ss'cessus,  -us,  m.,  retired  spot, 

159.     [cedo.] 
seco,  -are,  -ui,  -tum,  v.a.,  cut, 

cleave,  212. 
se'cludo,  -ere,  -si,  -sum,  v.a., 

dismiss,  562.     [claudo.] 
secum  =  cum  se,  37,  etc. 


126 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


s6cundus,  -a,  -nm,  adj.,  follow- 
ing, 15lJ ;  prosperous,  2U7. 
[sequor.] 

securus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  care- 
less, recking  uot  of.  [se, 
cura.] 

sgcutus,  -a,  -um,  2)art.  of 
sequor. 

sSd,  conj.,  but,  00,  etc. ;  sed 
euim,  yet  forasmuch  as,  etc. 
(Gk.  diAAa  ydp) ,  19.  [old  abl. 
=  ' by  itself.'] 

sedeo,  -ere,  scdi,  sessum,  t'.??., 
sit.  295. 

sedes,  -is,  /.,  seat,  home,  abode, 
84,  205,  247,  415,  557,  G81. 
[sedeo.] 

sedile,  -is,  n.,  seat,  167.  [sed- 
eo.] 

seditio,  -onis,/.,  civil  discord, 
14! t.     [se,  do.] 

semita,  -ae,  /.,  path,  by-way, 
by-road,  418.  [se  =  apart, 
meo  =  go.] 

semper,  adv.,  always,  609. 
[i'2).  semel;  and  for  -per, 
tautisper.] 

senatus,  -us,  m.,  senate,  426. 
[senex.] 

seni,  -ae,  -a,  adj.,  six  each,  six 
(poetical) ,  393.     [sex.] 

sententia,  -ae,  /.,  opinion,  pur- 
pose, 237,  260,  582.  [seu- 
tio.] 

sentio,  -ire,  -si, -sum,  i\a.,  per- 
ceive, 125. 

septem,  cardinal  adj.,   seven, 

17'),   l'.t2,  383.       [enrd.] 

Septimus,  -a,  -um,  ordinal  adj., 
seventh,  755.     [septem.] 


sequor,    -i,    sdcutus,    v.    dep., 

follow,  342,  .382. 
sereno,  -are,  -avi,  -fitum,  v.a., 

calm,    clear    up,    255.       [rp. 

sol.] 
Serestus,  -i,  m.,  a  follower  of 

Aeneas,  611. 
Sergestus,  -i,  m.,  a  follower  of 

Aeneas,  510. 
series,  -ei,/.,  succession,  chain, 

641.     [sero  =  joiu.] 
sermo,    -onis,    m.,    talk,    dis- 
course,    217,     748.       [sero  = 

join.] 
serta,   -orum,   n.,    wreaths    of 

flowers,  garlands,  417.     [sero 

=  join.] 
servitium,  -i,  n.,  slavery,  285. 

[servus.] 
servo,   -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

keep,  preserve,  207,  546. 
sese  =  se. 
seu,  conj.,  or  if;  sen  .  .  .  sire, 

whether  ...  or    if,   218,  569. 

[=si've.] 
si,   conj.,  if,  372;   si  forte,  if 

perchance,  151. 
sibi,  dat.  of  se,  604. 
sic,  adv.,  so,  thus,  even  so,  22. 

[=  si'ce  (demonstr.) .] 
Sicania,  -ae,  f,  another  name 

lor  Sicily,  557. 
Siculus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Sicilian, 

;'.4. 
Sidon,    -onis,   /.,   an    old   and 

famous  town    of    Phoenicia, 

the  mother  city  of  Tyre,  619. 
Sidonius,  -a,  -um,   adj.,   Sido- 

nian,  44(5,  613,  678. 
sidus,   -cris,   n.,   constellation. 


VOCABULARY. 


12T 


93.    103,    259,    608.       [atSr^pog  = 

moUen  irou ;  sudo.] 
signum,    -i,    n.,    eusigu,    443; 

tigure,  648. 
silentium,  -i,  n.,  silence,  730. 

[sileo.] 
slleo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n.,  am  silent, 

152,  164. 
silex,  -icis,  m.,  flint,  174.    [root 

SAR  =  solid;  ep.  solum.] 
silva,  -ae,/.,  wood,  forest,  164, 

314.     [c]}.  vAtj.] 
simais,     -e,     adj:,    like,    136. 

[a:xa,  Simulo.] 

Simois,  -eutis,  m.,  a  small  river 

of  the  Troad,  100,  618. 
simul,  adv.,  at  the  same  time, 

144.       [afj:a.] 

simulo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

feign,  pretend,  209,  352,  710. 

[simul,  similis.] 
sin,  conj.,  but  if,  555.     [si-ne.] 
sine,  prep.,  without,   133,  279. 

[si-     (demonstr.)    ne ;    lit.  = 

'  there  not.'] 
singtili,    -ae,    -a,    distributive 

adj.,    one    at    a    time,    each 

apart,  453.     [cp.  simiil.] 
sino.    -ere,    sivi    (sii),    situm, 

v.a.,  allow,  453. 
sinus,  -us,   m.,  curve,  hollow, 

hay,    161,    243;     fold    (of    a 

dress) ,  320. 
si'qua,  conj.,  if  at  all,  18. 
si-quis      (-qui),     -qua,      -quid 

(-quod),  indef.pron.,  if  any, 

181. 
si"ve.  conj.,  or  if,  219,  570. 
socio,   -are,   -avi,   -atum,   v.a., 

associate,  600.     [sOcius.] 


sdcius,   -i,   in.,  ally,   194,    etc. 

[cp.  sequor.] 
sol,  solis,  m.,  the  sun,  431,  etc. 

pL,  745.     \cp.  serenus,  o-eAas.] 
solus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.,  only,  alone, 

597.        [cp.     sollus,     salvus, 

oAo?.] 

sdlium,  -i,  n.,  throne,  506.  [cp. 
sedeo.] 

sdlitus,  -a,  -um,  part.,  accus- 
tomed, Avont,  730.     [soleo.] 

solor,  -ari,  -atus,  v.  dep.,  com- 
fort, 239. 

sdlum,  -i,  n.,  the  ground,  367, 
482.      [cp.  sol  id  us.] 

solvo,  -ere,  -i,  solutum,  v.a., 
relax,  92;  dismiss,  463,  562. 
[=se,  luo.] 

somnus,  -i,  m.,  sleep,  353. 
[=  sompnus ;  cp.  vttvos.] 

sono,  -are,  -ui,  -itum,  v.n., 
sound,  resound,  200,  246,  328. 

sonorus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  roaring, 
53.     [sono.] 

sopio,  -ire,  -ivi  (-ii,)  -itum,  v.a., 
lull,  680.  [sopor;  cj).  som- 
nus.] 

soror,  -oris,/.,  sister,  47. 

sors,  -tis, /.,  lot,  139.  [sero  = 
join  ;  c/7.  fors,  fero.] 

spargo,  -ere,  -si,  -sum,  v.a., 
scatter,  602.     [cp.  o-n-etpa).] 

Spartanus,  -a,  -um,  adj..  Spar- 
tan, of  Sparta,  316. 

speculor,  -ari,  -atus  sum,  v. 
dep.,  spy,  peer  forth,  516. 
[specio.] 

spelunca,   -ae,  /.,  cavern,  60. 

[aTTri\vy^.] 

sperno,  -ere,  sprevi,  spretum, 


128 


LA  TIN-Ey^GLISII 


v.«.,  despise,  27.    [root  SPAR 

=  quick    movement,    lit.    re- 
ject; c/5.  spurious.] 
spero,  -fire,  -avi,  -atum,   v. a., 

liope  lor,  451 ;  look  for,  543, 
spes,  -ei,  /.,  hope,  209.     [root 

SPA  =  draw    out;    cp.    spa- 

tium.] 
spiro,   -are,  -avi,   -atum,   v. a., 

l.i'eathe,  404. 
splendidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  bi'il- 

liaut,  ()oT.     [splendeo.] 
sp61ia,  -orum,  n.,  spoils,  289, 

4.S(). 
sponda,   -ae,  /.,    couch,    sofa, 

(i!)S. 
spretus,     -a,     -um,    par^.     of 

s))eriio. 
spuma,  -ae,  /.,  foam-flake,  35. 

[sj)uo  =  spit.] 
spiiino,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.n., 

loam,  324.     [spuma.] 
stabilis,    -e,    adj.,    tirm,    73. 

[root  STA  ;    cp.  StO,  'ia-Trjixi,] 

stagnum,  -i,  n.,  staudiui^  water, 
pool,  12().     [root  STA.] 

statuo,  -ere,  -i,  -tum,  r.«., 
build,  573;  place,  724.  [root 
STA.] 

sterno,  -dre,  stravi,  stratum, 
v.a.,  lay  low,  190;  spread, 
700.     [root  STAR  =  spread.] 

steti,  reditpl.  per/,  of  sto. 

stipo,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v. a., 
press  close,  accompany,  497. 

['7'.    <TTtf/)lO.J 

stirps,  -pis.y".,  race,  stock,  G26. 

[lit.    'that    which    spreads,' 

root  STAR.] 
stratus,    -a,    -um,     parf.     of 


sterno ;  strata  viarum  =  paved 

streets,  422. 
strepitus,  -us,  m.,  din,   noise, 

422,  725.     [strepo.] 
strido,    -6re,    -di,    v.n.,    hiss, 

creak,  397,  449. 
stridor,    -oris,    m.,    creaking, 

rattling,  87.     [strido.] 
stringo,    -ere,    -nxi,  strictum, 

v.a.,  gather,   cut,  552.     [cp. 

strong.] 
struo,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a.,  pile 

up.  704. 
studium,   -i,    n.,    pursuit,    14. 

[cp.  amevSiiji;,  crTTOvSrj.j 

stupeo.     -ere,    -ui,    v.n.,    am 

amazed,    495.        [cp.     perh. 

Homer's  ra^os  =  wonder.] 
suadeo,   -ere,  -si,    -sum,    v.a., 

persuade,    357.       [cp.   suavis 

(suad'vis),  rj^v?.] 
svib,  prep.  iv.  ace,  sub  noctem, 

at  night-fall;  lo.  abl.,  under, 

3f).  95. 
subduco,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.a., 

draw  up,  551,  573. 
sub'eo,    -ire,    -ii,    -itum,    v.n., 

come  up,  approach,  171,  400. 
sub'igo,  -ere,  -egi,  -actum,  v.a., 

snlxlue,  266.     [sitb,  ago.] 
subito,  adv.,  suddenly,  88,  509. 

[sub'eo.] 
subitus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  sudden, 

5.T).     [sub'eo.] 
suMimis,  -e,  adj.,  on  high,  415. 
submerge,  -ere,  -si,  -sum,  v.a., 

overwhelm,  40,  69,  585. 
subnecto,  -6re,  -nexui,  -nexum, 

v.a.,  bind  beneath  {lo.  dat.), 

492. 


VOCABULARY. 


129 


sub-nixus,  -a,  -um,  }Kirt.,  rest- 
ing iipou.     [sub'iiitor.J 

subrideo,  -ere,  -si,  -sum,  v.a., 
smile,  25i. 

subvolvo,  -ere,  -vi,  -utum, 
v.a.,  roll  beneath,  424. 

suc'cedo,  -ere,  -ssi,  -ssum,  v.n., 
come  beneath  (iv.dat.),  627., 

suc'Cinctus,  -a,  -ura,  adj.,  girt 
up,  323.     [sub,  cingo.] 

suc'curro,  -ere,  -i,  -sum,  v.n., 
run  to  the  rescue,  aid,  630. 
[sub,  curro.] 

suf'fundo,  -ere,  -fudi,  -fusum, 
v.n.,  fill,  suffuse,  steep,  228. 
[sub,  fundo.] 

sulcus,  -1,  7?i.,  furrow,  425. 
[c/>.  oAicd?,  eA.K(o  =  drag.] 

sum,  esse,  fui,  v.  irreg.,  I  am, 
378,  etc.  [=  esum,  from  root 
ES;  cj).  eiixC;  perfect  tenses 
formed  from  root  FU-.] 

summus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  top, 
topmost,  127,  etc. ;  summns 
fluctus,  the  crest  of  a  wave, 
106;  swnmo  ore,  737;  of 
persons,  most  high,  380. 
[superl.  of  superus.] 

super,  prep,  icith  ace,  upon, 
295,  700;  above,  680,  681; 
vnth  ahl.,  concerning,  29  (see 
note),   750;   upon,   700.     {cp. 

VTrep.J 

superbia,  -ae,  /.,  haughtiness, 
529.     [superbus.] 

superbus,  -a,  -um,  adj., 
haughty,  proud,  21.  [su- 
per.] 

super  emineo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n., 
rise  above,  out-top,  501. 


supersum, -esse, -fui,  v.n.,  sur- 
vive, 383. 
sup^ri,    -um,    m.,    the     gods 

above,  4.     [super.] 
supero,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

overcome,  350,  537;  pass,  244. 

[super.] 
sup'plex,   -plicis,  adj.,  suppli- 
ant, 49,  64.     [sub,  plico;  lit., 

bending  the  knees.] 
suppliciter,  adv.,  in  suppliant 

guise,  481.     [supplex.] 
sura,  -ae,/.,  the  calf  of  the  leg, 

337. 
surgo,  -ere,  surrexi,  surrectum, 

v.n.,  rise,  366.     [contr.  from 

surrigo ;  sub,  rego.] 
sus'cipio,  -ere,  -cepi,  -ceptum, 

v.a.,  catch  up,  receive,  175. 

[sub,  capio.] 
sus'pendo,  -ere,  -i,  -sum,  v.a., 

hang,  318.     [subs    (i.e.  sub), 

pendo.] 
suspicio,  -ere,  -spexi,  -spectum, 

v.a.,  regard,  438.  [subspecio.] 
su'spiro,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.n., 

sigh,  371.     [sub-spiro.] 
suus,    -a,  -um,  possess.  p?'o?i., 

his-,  her-,  its-,  their-,  own. 
Sychaeus,  -i,  m.    Dido's  hus- 
band, 340,  343  (y),720. 
syrtis,  -is,/.,  a  quicksand,  esp. 

that  near  Carthage,  111,  146. 

[Suprt?.] 

tabeo,  -ere,  -ui,  v.n.,  drip,  173. 

[root  TA ;  cpj.  ttj/cw  ;  for  suffix, 

cp.  ple-bes.] 
td,bula,    -ae,    /.,    plank,    119. 

[root  TA,  TAB  ;  cp.  taberna.] 


130 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


tacitus.   -a,   -urn,   adj.,   silent, 

.■)(»_'.     [ti'iceo.] 
talis,    -e,    adj.,    such,    50,   94. 

[demonstr.  root  TA.J 
tam,  coDJ.,  so,  53!>.     [ace.  fem. 

of  (lenioustrative;  cp.  turn.] 
t3,meii,  <tdi\,  nevertheless,  247. 

[stronger  form  of  tam.] 
tandem,   adi'.,   at    length;    in 

qiiestlon!<,  pray,  prithee,  331, 

3(i9.       [tan  dem    (demonstr. 

suffix) .] 
tango,  -ere,  tetigi,  tactura,  v.a., 

touch,  41)2.     [root  TAG;  cp. 

take.] 
tantus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  so  great, 

11. 
tardus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  slow, 
taurimis,   -a,  -um,   adj.,  of  a 

bull,  74().     [taurus.] 
taurus,    -i,    m.,    a    bull,    634. 

[(ik.  TaOpos,  Eng.  steer.] 
tectum,  -i,  n.,  roof,  house,  425. 

[tego  =  cover.] 
tecum  =  cum  te,  74. 
tegmen,    -Tnis,    n.,    covering, 

hide,  275,  323.  [tego.] 
tellus,  -uris,/.,  land,  34. 
telum,  -i,  n.,  weapon,  bolt,  99. 

[=  texlum,     same     root     as 


TO^Dl 


■•] 


temno,  -ere,  -psi,  -ptum,  v.a., 
despise,  think  scorn  of,  542, 
6(55.      [root  TAM  =  cut ;   cp. 

Tt'/jira).  J 

tempero,  -are,  -avi,  -utum,  v.a., 
allay,  restrain,  (iO.  [tem- 
jins.] 

tempestas,  -atis,  /.,  weather, 
storm,  53,  80.     [tempus.] 


templum,   -i,  7?.,  temple,  416. 

[=  tOululuni  ;    cp.  reMti'OS.] 

tempto,  -are,  -ilvi,  -utum,  v.a., 

try,  attempt,  721.     [tendo.] 
tempus,  -oris,  n.,  time,  season, 

278.     [root  TEM-=  cut.] 
tendo,    -ere,    tetendi,    tensum 

(tentum),  v.a.,  stretch,    93; 

make  for,   554;    v.n.,    make 

one's  way,  205.     [root  TAX ; 

cp.  teueo,  Teii'iu.] 
tgneo,  -ere,  -ui,  -turn,  v.a.,  hold, 

occupy,  308.     [root  TAN.] 
tentorium,    -i,    n.,    tent,    469. 

[tcudo.] 
tentis,  prep.,  as  far  as  (icith 

abl.),  737.     [root  TAN-;   cp. 

teneo.] 
t6r,  adv.,  thrice,  three  times, 

94,  116. 
tergum,    -i,    7i.    {also    tergus, 

-Oris,    n.),  back,   296;    hide, 

211,    368;    a    ten/o,    behind, 

186. 
termino,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

limit,    287.      [same    root    as 

trans.,  intrare.] 
terni,  -ae,  -a,  distributive  nu- 
meral, three  each,  three,  266 

(note). 
terra,  -ae,  /.,  land,  3,  58,  83. 

[lit.    the    dry     (land) ;     cp. 

torreo.] 
terreo,  -C-re,  -ui,    -itum,    v.a., 

Iri-liten,  alarm,  230. 
tertius,  -a,  -um,  ordinal  adj., 

third,  265. 
testiido,   -Tnis,  /.,    a    tortoise, 

and   from  the  shape   of  the 

shell,  an  arch,  505.     [testa.] 


f 


VOCABULARY. 


131 


Teucer,  -cri,  m.,  (i.),  son  of 
Telamon  aud  half-bro^tlier  of 
the  greater  Ajax.  Returning 
from  Troy  without  Ajax,  and 
expelled  from  Salamis  near 
Athens,  he  founded  Salamis  in 
Crete,  610.  (ii.)  a  king  of  Troy. 

Teucri,  -orum,  m.,  the  descend- 
ants of  Teucer,  the  king  of 
Troy,  i.e.  Trojans. 

theatrum,  -i,  n.,  theatre,  427. 

\_0eaTpov,j 

thesaurus,  -i,  m.,  treasure,  359. 

\_9ri(Tavp6<;.j 

Threissa,  -ae,  fern,  adj.,  Thra- 

cian,  316.      [©pijicraa.] 

thymum,   -i,    n.,    thyme,    436. 

[0Ufx6l'.J 

Tiberinus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,    of 

Tiber,    the    river    on    which 

Rome  stood,  13. 
Timavus,    -i,    m.,   a    river    in 

Istria,  near  Trieste,  244. 
timeo,    -ere,    -ui,    -itum,    v.a., 

fear,  661. 
timer,  -oris,  m.,  fear,  202. 
tinguo,  -ere,  -nxi,  -nctum,  I'.a., 

dip,  745. 
togatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  wearing 

the  toga  or  gown,   esp.    an 

epithet  of  Romans,  as  opp. 

to  foreigners,  282.     [toga.] 
tollo,   -ere,   sustiili,   sublatum, 

v.a.,    raise,    lift,    uplift,    66. 

[root  TLA;  cp.  tiili.] 
tondeo,  -ere,  totondi,  tonsum, 

v.a.,  shear,   clip,   702.      [cjo. 

Te'ju.va).J 

torqueo,    -ere,    torsi,    tortum, 
v.a.,  twist,  hurl,  108,  117. 


torreo,  -ere,  -ui,  tostum,  v.a., 

roast,  173. 
tSrus,  -i,  m.,  a  cushioned  couch, 

708. 
tdt,  adj.,  so  many,  9. 
totidem,   adj.,   just  so    many, 

705. 
totiens,  adv.,  so  often,  407. 
totus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  the  whole, 

all,  29. 
trabs,   trabis,   /.,    beam,    449, 

552. 
traho,   -ere,    -xi,    -ctum,    v.a., 

draw,  371 ;  drag,  477. 
traicio,     -ere,     tra'ieci,     tra- 

iectum,     v.a.,     pierce,     355. 

[trans'iacio.] 
tra-ieetus,    -a,    -um,  j^art.    of 

tra'icio. 
trans-eo,  -ire,  -ii,  -itum,  v.n., 

pass  by,  266. 
trans-fero,  -ferre,  -tidi,  -latum, 

v.a.,  remove,  271. 
transfigo,  -ere,  -fixi,   -fixum, 

v.a.,  pierce,  44. 
tremo,    -ere,    -ui,   -itum,  v.n., 

quiver,  212. 
tres,  -tria,    card,    adj.,    three, 

110. 
tridens,     -ntis,     m.,     trident, 

three-pronged  fork  (the  esp. 

attribute  of  Neptune  as  ruler 

of  the  sea),   138,   145.     [tri- 
dens.] 
triginta.  card,  adj.,  thirty,  269. 
Trinacrius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Tri- 

nacrian,    i.e.    Sicilian,     196. 

[lit.  three-cornered,  from  the 

shape  of  the  island.] 
triones,  -um,  the  constellation 


132 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


of  the  Wain,  with  gemini, 
the  Great  and  the  Little  Bear, 
744.  [perh.  =  the  plough- 
oxen.] 

tris.  tria,  see  tres,  108. 

tristis.  -e,  <(dj.,  sad,  228. 

Triton,  -onis,  in.,  a  son  of  Nep- 
tune and  inferior  sea-god,  144. 

Troia,  -ae,  ./'.,  Troy,  a  city  in 
north-west  Asia  Minor  Avhere 
the  famous  Trojan  war  took 
place,  24. 

Troianus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Trojan, 
lit. 

Troiius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Trojan, 
of  Troy,  119. 

Tros.  Trois,  m.,  a  Trojan,  usu. 
pi.  {ace.  pi.,  Troas,  30). 

tu,  pers.  pron.,  thou,  78. 

tueor,  -eri.  -Ttus,  v.  dep.,  watch, 
unard,  5(34. 

tuli.  used  as  perf.  of  fero,  314. 
[see  tollo.j 

turn,  adv.,  then,  18,  G4.  [see 
tani.] 

ttimidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  swollen. 
[tunico.] 

tundo,  -ore,  tutudi,  tunsum 
(tusuni),  beat,  481. 

tung,  art  thou?  G17. 

turba,  -ae,/.,  crowd,  191. 

turbo,  -are,  -fivi.  -atura,  v.a., 
tn)ul)le,  disturb,  395,  551. 
[tnrl)a.] 

turbo,  -inis,  ?».,  wliirlwind, 
hurricane,  45,  83.     [turba.] 

tus,  turis,  n.,  frankincense,  417. 

[to  SJo?.] 

tutus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  safe,  243. 
[tueor.] 


tuus,  -a,  -um,  thy. 

Tydides,  -ae  (roc,  -e),  m.,  son 
of  Tydeus,  i.e.  Diomede,  one 
of  the  bravest  of  the  Greeks 
at  Troy,  97. 

Typhoeus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Ty- 
phueau,  of  Typhdeus,  a  giant 
slain  by  Jupiter  and  cast 
beneath  Aetna,  Ck\o. 

tyrannus,  -i,  m.,  king,  tyrant, 

o(il.       [riipaiTO?.] 

Tyrius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Tyrian, 
hence  Carthaginian,  Carthage 
being  sprung  from  Tyre,  12, 
20. 

Tyrrhenus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  Tyr- 
rhene, Etruscan,  esp.  as  a 
name  of  the  sea  west  of  Italy, 
67. 

Tyrus,  -i,  /.,  Tyre,  an  old  and 
prosperous  commercial  city 
on  the  coast  of  Phoenicia, 
340. 

uber.   -eris,   7?.,   richness,   531. 

[cp.  ovftap,  Eng.  udder.] 
ubi,  conj.,  i.  {nf  time),  when, 

81,    405,    592,     715:     ii.     {of 

place),   where,    98,    99.    100, 

205,  3()5,  4in,  693.     [i.e.  cu-bi ; 

qui :  cp.  ibi.] 
ubique,  adv.,  everywhere,  601. 
uUus.  -a.  -um,  any  at  all,  icith 

{expressed  or  implied)  ner/a- 

fire,  169. 
umbra,  -ae,/.,  shade,  165. 
umecto,  -are,  -avi.  -atuni,  v.a., 

wet.  l)edew,  465.      [umeo.] 
umgrus,  -i,  m.,  shoulder,  318. 

[cp.  di/xos.] 


VOCABULABT. 


133 


una,    adv.,    together,    47,    85. 

[abl.  fern,  of  unus.] 
uncus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  crooked, 

169. 
unda,  -ae,/,,  wave,  106. 
unde,  coni.,  whence,  6. 
unus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  one,  41. 
urbs,  urbis,  /.,  city,  12.     [lit. 

a  strong  place.] 
urgeo,  -ere,  -si,  v. a.,  drive,  111. 

[Eng.  work.] 
uro,    -ere,    ussi,    ustum,   v. a., 

bnrn,  662. 
usquam,  adv.,  anywhere,  604. 
ut,  adv.,  how,  667. 
ut,   conj.  A.  luith  Ind.,  i.   {of 

time),    when,    306,    486;    ii. 

{comparative),    as,    397;    B. 

with  Siibj.   {final),  in  order 

that,  74,  298. 
uti,  adv.,  how,  that,  466. 
utinam,  particle,  O  that !  575. 
utor,  -i,  usus,  V.  dep.,  use,  64. 

vaco,   -are,  -avi,  -atum,    v.n., 

have  leisure,  373. 
vadum,  -i,  n.,  shallow,  shoal, 

112. 
v§,lidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  strong, 

mighty,  120.     [valeo.] 
vallis,    -is,    /.,    vale,    valley, 

186. 
vanus,   -a,  -ura,   adj.,    empty, 

352 ;    of  persons,  false,   392. 

[cp.  vaco.] 
vS,rius,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  varied, 

204. 
vasto,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v. a., 

lay  waste,  471,  622.    [vastus.] 
vastus,    -a,    -um,    adj.,  huge, 


vast,    52,    118.     [cp.   vanus, 
vacuus.] 
-ve,  enclitic,  or. 
veho,    -ere,    -xi,    -ctum,    v.a., 

carry,  hear,  121. 
vel,  conj.,  or,  316,  746. 
velamen,  -inis,   n.,   veil,   649, 

711.     [velo.] 
velrvSlus,      -a,      -um,     adj., 
winged  with  sails,  224.     [lit. 

sail-flying,  velum,  volare.] 
velum,    -i,    n.,    sail,    35,    103. 

[root  VAR  =  cover;   cp.  vel- 

lus.] 
vSlut,  adv.,  just  as,  82. 
veluti,  adv.,  just  as,  148. 
vendo,  -ere,  -didi,  -ditum,  v.a., 

sell,  484.     [venum-do.] 
venenum,  -i,  n.,  poison  {meta- 
phor), 688. 
venia,  -ae,  /.,  pardon,  grace, 

519.     [cp.  Venus,  veneror.] 
venio,  -ire,  veni,  ventum,  v.7i., 

come,  2. 
ventus,   -i,   m.,  wind,   43,    53. 

[Eng.  wind.] 
Venus,  -eris,/.,  goddess  of  love 

and  beauty,   identified  with 

Greek  Aphrodite  ;  the  mother 

of  Aeneas  and  so  founder  of 

the  Roman  race,  229,  325,  335, 

618,  691.  [cp.  veneror.] 
verbum,  -i,  n.,  word,  710. 
vereor,  -eri,  -itus,  v.  dep.,  fear, 

671.     [cp.  opduj,  Eng.  ward.] 
verro,  -ere,  -i,  -sum,  v.a.,  sweep, 

59. 
verso,   -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

turn     over,      revolve,     657. 

[verto.] 


134 


LA  TIN-ENGLISH 


vertex,  -icis,  ?n.,  top,  head,  163, 

225,  403;  a  vertice,  vertically, 

114.     [verto.] 
verto,  -6re,  -1,  -sum,  v.a.,  turn, 

overturn  {poetic),  23. 
v6ru,  -us,  ?i.,  spit,  212. 
verus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  true,  real, 

405. 
vescor,  -i,  v.  dep.,  feed  upon, 

546.     [ve-,  root  ED;  cp.  edo, 

esca.] 
vesper,     -eris,     evening,     the 

evening  star,  374.     [eo-Trepo?.] 
Vesta,  -ae,  /.,  the  goddess  of 

the     domestic     hearth    and 

purity,  292.       \cp.  eo-ria.] 

vester,  -tra,  -trum,  adj.,  your, 
132. 

vestis,  -is,  /.,  garment,  dress, 
404. 

v§to,  -are,  -ui,  -itum,  v.a.,  for- 
bid, 39. 

vetus,  -Cris,  adj.,  ancient,  old, 

23.       [Gk.  eros.] 

via,  -ae,  /.,  way,    road,  358. 

[cp.  veho.] 
victor,    -oris,    m.,    conqueror, 

192. 
victus,  -a,  -um,  conquered,  68. 

[vinco.] 
victus,  -us,  m.,  food,  214,  445. 

[vivo.] 
video,  -ere,  vidi,  visum,  v.a., 

see,   128;    pass.,    seem,    396. 

[cp.  eUoi',  Eng.  wit.] 
vir,  viri,  ni.,  man,  1. 
vis,  vim,  vi,  /.,  force,  might, 

4. 
viginiti,    card,    adj.,    twenty, 

634. 


villus,  -i,  m.,  tuft  of  hair,  nap 

(of  cloth),  702. 
vincio,    -ire,    viuxi,    vinctum, 

v.a.,  bind. 
vinco,  -ere,  vici,  victum,  v.a., 

conquer, 
vinctus,  -a,  -um,  see  vincio. 
vinculum    (vinclum),    -i,    ?i., 

bond,  54,  168. 
vinum,   -i,  n.,  wine,  195,  724. 

[oivo^.j 

vires,  j^l.  o/ vis,  strength,  214. 
virgo,  -inis,  /.,  maiden,  virgin, 

315. 
virtus,  -utis,  /.,  valour,  virtue, 

566.     [vir.] 
visu,  abl.  supine  of  video.  111. 
vitalis,   -e,   adj.,   of   life,   388. 

[vita.] 
vivo,  -ere,  -xi,  -ctum,  v.n.,  live, 

218. 
vivus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  living,  i.e. 

unwrought,  167.     [vivo.] 
vix,  adv.,  scarcely,  34.     [perh. 

cp.  vinco.] 
vdco,   -fire,   -avi,    -atum,    v.a., 

call,  109.     [cp.  eVos.] 
v61o,  velle,  volui,  v.  irr.,  wish, 

303.  [cp.      ^ovKofxai,      Eng. 

will.] 

v61o,   -are,   -avi,    -atum,    v.n. 
tly,      150.         [cp.     vol'ucer, 
velox.] 

volgo,  -fire,  -avi,  -atum,   v.a., 
make  known,  457.     [volgus.] 

volgus,  -i,  -m,  n.,  crowd,  149. 

volnus,   -eris,   n.,   wound,    36. 
[cp.  vello  =tear.] 

voltus,   -us,  m.,  face,  counte- 
nance, 209. 


VOCABULARY. 


135 


volucer,  -cris,  -ere,  adj.,  swift, 

317.     [see  volare.] 
vdluto,  -are,  -avi,  -atum,  v.a., 

revolve,  50.     [volvo.] 
volvo,   -ere,   -vi,    -utum,    v.a., 

roll,  unroll,  9,  22,  86. 
v6ro,   -are,   -avi,    -atum,    v.a., 

devour,  117. 
vortex,    -icis,    m.,    whirlpool, 

117.     [verto.] 
vos,  2)1.  of  tu,  you,  132. 


vos  met,  stronger  form  o/ vos, 

207. 
votum,  -i,  71.,  vow,  prayer,  290. 

[voveo.] 
vox,  vocis,/.,  voice,  word,  64. 

Xanthus,  -i,  ??i.,  a  river  in  the 
Troad,  473.     [Edvflo?.] 

Zephyrus,  -i,  m.,  the  west  wind, 
=  Lat.  Favouius.     [Ze^vpos.] 


IirDEXES. 


METEIGAL  IJSTDEX. 


-»o«- 


LINB 

16  Posthabita  coluisse  Sa  |  mo ;  hie  \  illius  arma. 
(Samo  — The  final  vowel  is  not  elided.) 

73  Connu  |  bw  iiin  \  gam  stabili  ijropriamque  dicabo. 
(Connubio  is  pronounced  Connubyo  by  synaer^sis .) 

120  lam  valid'  Ilio  |  nel  nd  \  vem  iam  fortis  Achatae. 
(Nei  is  one  syllable,  by  synaeresis.) 

131  Eur'  ad  se  Zephyrumque  vo  |  cat  dehlnc  |  talia  fatur. 
(Dehinc  =  d'hinc,  one  syllable,  by  synaeresis.) 

195  Vina  bonixs  quae  |  deinde  cd  \  dis  onerarat  Acestes. 
(Deinde  =  dende,  one  syllable,  by  synaeresis.) 

256  Oscula  libavit  na  |  ecit  dehlnc  \  talia  fatur. 
(Natae  d'hinc.    See  131,  supra.) 

308  Qui  teneant  n'inculta  vi  |  det  hdmi  \  nesne  ferSne. 
(Videt  —  Last  syllable  lengthened  by  the  arsis.) 

332-33  lactemur  doceas  ignar'  hominumque  lo  |  corum. 
Qu^  Erramus.     Syjiapheia  and  Elision. 

405  Et  ver'  lucessu  patu  I  It  ded  \  ill'iibi  raatrem. 

(Dea  —  Final  vowel  not  elided,  on  account  of  the  pause. 

448-49  Aerea  cui  gradibus  surgebant,  limina  |  nexde. 

QxC  Aere  trabes,  etc.  —  Synapheia  and  Elision.    See  332. 

478  Per  terr'  et  versa  pul  |  vis  In  \  scribitur  hasta. 
(Pulvis  —  last  syllable  lengthened  by  the  arsis.) 

139 


140  METRICAL  INDEX. 

LINE 

Gil   Iliu  I  ned  pe  \  tit  dextra  laevaque  SSrestfim. 

(Ilionea  —  The  Greek  quantity,  'lAioi'^a,  louic,  retained.) 

617  Tfin'  ill'  Aeneas  quein  Dardani  |  o  ^?i  |  chisae. 

(Dardanio  —  The  final  vowel  is  not  elided  —  also  spondaic.) 

651  Pergama  cum  p6te  |  ret  In  \  concessosqti'  hymg  |  aeos. 
(Peteret  —  Last  syllable  lengthened  by  the  arsis.) 

668  Litorit  iacte  1  tur  ddi  \  is  lunonis  tlcerbae. 
(lactetur  —  Last  syllable  long  in  the  arsis.) 

698  Aurea  |  c5mposixit  sponda  mCdiamque  locavit. 
(Aurea  is  a  dissyllable,  by  synaeresis.) 

726  Atria:  dependent  lychni  laqiiearibus  |  ctwrm. 
(Aureis  is  a  dissyllable,  by  synaeresis,) 


INDEX. 


Ablative  —  absolute,  8,  16,  81,    Ablative  —  of  material  without 


82,  122,  291,  374,  480,  537. 

absolute  with  subject  omit- 
ted, 737. 

and  accus.  with  verb  of 
plenty,  195. 

of  accompaniment  without 
cum,  488. 

of  the  agent,  312,  564. 

of  the  agent  without  ab,  312. 

of  cause,  2,  4,  10,  21,  29,  90, 
190,  208,  349,  379,  677,  680. 

of  characteristic,  71,  75,  164, 
286,  400,  639. 

of  comparison,  15,  142,  544. 

of  instrument  and  means,  35, 
43,  45,  51,  54,  62,  73,  75,  92, 
94,  98,  99,  107, 112,  121, 129, 
136,  145,  147,  160,  169,  170, 
175,  177,  187,  209,  212,  214, 
255,  301,  3.^,  381,  411,  449, 
468,  536,  551,  670,  694. 

of  manner,  62,  73,  83, 105, 123, 
157,  171,  217,  255,  268,  274, 
296,  324,  354,  410,  519,  663, 
676,  717,  748. 


preposition,  166,  167. 

of  place  fro7n  which  without 
preposition,  31,  126,  340, 
358,  375,  403,  701,  726. 

of  place  in  which  without 
preposition,  3,  26,  29,  40, 49, 
70,  83,  97,  110,  117,  128,  155, 
184,  196,  209,  213,  225,  227, 
285,  289,  314,  364,  379,  452, 
482,  501,  523,  572,  629,  667, 
692,  698. 

of  price,  484. 

of  separation,  37,  44,  211,  252, 
300,  385,  540,  562,  679. 

of  source,  297,  582. 

of  specification,  8,  14,  21,  72, 
149,  317,  347,  496,  545,  548, 
600. 

of  time,  5. 

with  adjectives,  51,  85,  228» 
335,  441. 

with  compounds  after  re- 
peated preposition,  26,  145^ 
242,  357. 

with  special  verbs,  64, 172, 546. 


141 


142 


INDEX, 


Abstract  nouns   in   plural  for 

singular,  11,  25,  130,  350. 
Accusative  as  subj.  of  infinitive, 
10,  17. 

and  dative  with  verb,  69, 136. 

cognate,  1,  328'. 

of  exclamation,  251. 

of  limit  without  preposition, 
2,  3G5,  415,  512,  553,  619. 

of  places  used  like  names  of 
towns,  52, 

of  specification,  320,  481,  579, 
589,  658. 

of  time,  hov)  long,  47,  272. 

with  intransitive  verbs,  67, 
221,  328,  524,  648. 

with  intransitive  verbs  com- 
pounded, 10,  147. 

with  passive  verbs,  228,  320, 
561. 

with  special  verbs,  9,  68. 
Adjective  agreeing  with  clause, 
111. 

agreeing     with    clause     but 
plural,  66i). 

agreeing    with    one    of    two 
nouns,  144,  513,  553,  609. 

agreeing  with  nouns  of  differ- 
ent genders,  706. 

for  adverb,  1,  103,  314,  352, 
419,  465,  514,  548,  644. 

for  genitive,  200. 

for  clause,  13. 

neuter  plural  used  as  singu- 
lar, ()69. 

used  as  substantive,  3,  308. 

with  genitive,  14,  23,  80,  198. 
Adverb   modifying  nouns,    21, 

198. 
Alliteration,  55. 


Anachronism,  182,  464,  469. 
Antecedent  attracted,  72,  157, 

573. 
Aposiopesis,  135. 
Apposition,   51,    196,   273,   423, 

567. 
Arrangement  of  words,  51,  54, 

74,  195,  293. 
Attraction  of  pronoun,  17,  267. 

Chiasmus,  742. 
Climax,  600. 
Comparative,  228. 
Comparison  with  amplius,  etc., 

683. 
Condamatio,  219. 
Conjunctions  —  two  coordinate, 

18. 

Dative  =  ocZ  (in)  w.  ace.  6,  126, 

289,  377,  538,  616,  725. 
of  the  agent,  39,  326,  440,  574, 

623. 
archaic,  156,  254,  257,  440. 
after  compounds,  40,  49,  60, 

69,  79,  84,  91,  112,  318,  475, 

504,  719,  745. 
after    compounds    of    other 

verbs,  174,  647. 
ethical,  13(5,  258,  261. 
of  disadvantage,  102,  477. 
of  possessor,  11,  71,  327,  336, 

454,  461. 
of  indirect  object,  254,  264, 

701. 
of    reference,   266,  429,  448, 

449,  51U,  607,  701,  723. 
two  datives,  22,  299. 
where  a  predicate  noun  =  one 

of  tioo,  17,  343. 


INDEX. 


143 


Dative,  where  genitive  is  ex- 
pected, 92. 
with  adjectives,  314,  604. 
with  nouns,  181. 
with  special  verbs,  95,  285, 
526,  689,  695, 
Dii  for  diei,  636. 

Esse  omitted,  125,  139,  etc. 

Frequentative  verbs,  77. 

Genitive,  appositional,  27,  247. 
definitive,  237,  260. 
ending  um  for  arum,  565. 
ending  um  for  orum,  4,  9,  46. 
in  predicate,  33. 
in  I  (from  -eus),  30. 
objective,  14,  132,  138,  462. 
of  cause  with  adj.,  178. 
of  the  whole,  72,  78,  329,  344, 

602. 
subjective,  30,  598,  646,  716. 
with  adjectives,   14,  23,    80, 

198,  343,  350,  460,  599,  604, 

720. 
with  governing  word  omitted, 

41. 
with  implere,  214. 
with  special  verbs,  733. 
Gerundive  =  present  part,  pass., 

269. 
in  case  construction,  713, 
Greek  nouns  —  2d  Decl.,  30. 
3dDecl.,  113,  220. 

Half-verses,  534,  560,  636. 
Hendiadys,  1,'54,  61,  78,   111, 

210,  255,  293,  648,  728. 
Historical  present,  99. 
as  principal  tense,  300. 


Imperfect    tense  with   iamdii- 

dum,  580. 
Indicative  in  conditions,  322. 
with  doubled  pronouns,  387. 
Indirect  questions,  11,  76,  218. 
Infigo  with  either  dat.  or  abl., 

45. 
Infinitive  as  exclamation,   37, 
38,  97. 
as  dative  of  purpose,  66,  374, 

527. 
as  subject,  33,  77,  135,  336, 

408,  600. 
complementary,  16,  134. 
=  genitive  of  gerund,  704. 
historic,  423. 
of  purpose  for  subj.  in  prose, 

9,  319,  357. 
present  where  perfect  is  ex- 
pected, 619. 
Intransitive    verbs    used    pas- 
sively, 619. 
Inversion,  Vergilian,  237,  260. 

Litotes,  138. 
Locative  case,  193. 

Meminisse,  present    in   sense, 

733. 
Metonomy,    24,    35,    123,    177, 

214. 

Nominative  =  vocative,  664. 
Numbers,   combination  of,  71, 
272,  381. 

OUi  for  illi,  dat.  254. 
Optative,  330. 

Parentheses,   explanatory,   12, 
251,  530. 


144 


INDEX. 


Participle  =  cause,  etc.,  63. 
=  principal    clause,    69,    108, 

527,  680. 
=  relative  clause,  597. 
of  deponent  with  pass,  sig., 

312. 
with  imtior,  385.  [158. 

Passive  voice  =  Greek   middle, 
Patronymics,  157. 
Perfect,  instantaneous,  SI,  154. 
Personilication,  21,  294,  420. 
Pleonasm,  94,  187,  347. 
Plural  =  singular,  48,  140,  606, 

722. 
Polysyndeton,  85. 
Predicate    nouns    used   freely, 

46. 
Preposition,  following  its  case, 

13,  32,  348. 
Proleptic  use,  61,  70. 
Proper  name  =  pronoun,  48. 

=  adjective,  686. 
Proverbial  expression,  142. 

Questions,  indirect,  11,  76,  218, 

witli  -n<^,  11. 
quid,  used  adverbially,  518. 

doubled,  329. 
quis  =quibus,  95. 
quisquam    implying    negative 

answer,  48. 

Relative  containing  a  conjunc- 
tion, 46,  250,  388,  437,  597. 
Rhytlim,  53. 
re-,  253. 


Simple  words  =  compounds,  20, 

50,  83,  212,  291,  302. 
Subject  omit.  w.  inf.,  218. 
Subjunctive  of  cause,  261,  388. 
of  condition,  18,  58. 
of  desire,  140,  330,  549,  551, 

576,  603,  733. 
of   indirect  question,  11,  76, 
218,  307,  332,  467,  517,  667, 
676,  719. 
of  purpose,   20,  63,  75,  287, 

554,  645,  659,  682. 
of  result,  236. 
potential,  327. 
Substantive  used  as  adj.,  192. 
(S'l/ws  refers  to  either  subj.  or 

obj.,  461. 
Supine  in  ii,  111. 
Syncope,  26,  201,  249. 

Temporal  clauses  with  dum,  5, 
265. 
with  cum,  651. 
with  priusquam,  193. 
Tenses,  variety  of,  299,  472. 
Tmesis,  117,  412. 
Transferred  epithets,  355,  361, 

542. 
Transitive  verbs  without  obj., 
96,  104,  234. 

Verb  omitted,  76,  325,  326,  339, 
.341,  461,  730,  740,  743,  752. 

agreeing  with  one  or  more 
subjects,  623. 

agreeing  with  two  subjects 
taken  as  unit,  574. 


Similes,  148  seq.,  430  seq.,  498 
seq.,  592  seq.  ^     _ 


Zeugma,  264,  360. 


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"  Mr.  Gow  has  presented  a  vast  amount  of  information  in  a  small 
compass;  yet  it  is  so  well  arranged,  and  so  clearly  stated,  that,  notwith- 
standing its  condensation,  it  is  read  with  ease  and  pleasure.  Indeed, 
we  do  not  know  where  to  look  for  so  good  an  account  of  Athenian  and 
Roman  public  affairs  in  a  form  at  once  clear,  concise,  and  full  enough 
for  ordinary  students  as  Mr.  Gow  has  here  given  us."  —  Science. 

"He  has  made  use  of  the  most  recent  authorities,  and  the  young- 
student  will  find  the  pith  of  many  books  in  the  space  of  less  than  400 
pages.  .  .  .  Much  of  the  information  would  be  sought  to  no  purpose- 
in  the  ordinary  manuals,  and  what  is  given  is  conveyed  in  its  true 
connection."  — Nation. 

"  Excellently  planned  and  admirably  executed.  The  author  — for  Mr. 
Gow  is  more  than  a  compiler  — has  had  a  distinct  object  in  view.  He  i& 
a  distinguished  student  of  the  classics,  and  he  is  an  eminent  practical 
teacher.  With  such  qualifications,  we  turn  with  confidence  to  a  reliable 
book."  —  Educational  Times. 


MACMILLAN   &   CO., 

112   FOURTH   AVENUE,    NEW   YORK. 


VIRGIL  — Aeneid,   Book  I. 

EDITED     FOR    THE     USE     OF     SCHOOLS     BY 

ARTHUR  S.   WAI.POI.E,  M.A. 

With  Notes,  Vocabulary,   etc.      New  Edition.      Revised  for 
Use  in  American  Schools  by 

HENRY   CLARK    JOHNSON,   A.M.,   LL.B., 

PRESIDENT   OF   THE    CENTRAL   HIGH    SCHOOL,   PHILADELPHIA, 

With  References  to  American  Grammars. 
Cloth,  18mo,  40  cents. 


The  "  Helvetian  War  "  and  "  Invasion  of  Britain  "  have  proved  so 
useful  to  those  making  the  transition  from  Latin  grammar  to  prose  that 
this  little  book  is  published  in  the  hope  that  it  may  render  a  similar 
service  in  introducing  the  study  of  Latin  verse. 


OVID.— Stories  from   the    Meta- 
morphoses. 

EDITED    FOR    THE    USE    OF    SCHOOLS    BY 

Rev.  JOHN  BOND,  M.A,,  and  ARTHUR  S.  WALPOLE,  M.A. 

With  Notes,  Exercises,  and  Vocabulary.     Ne\v  Edition. 
Revised  for  Use  in  American  Schools  by 

WILFRED   P.   MUSTARD,  Ph.D., 

PROFESSOR  OF  LATIN  IN  COLORADO  COLLEGE,  COLORADO  SPRINGS. 

Cloth,  18mo,  40  cents. 


This  little  book  contains  a  number  of  interesting  stories  in  easy  Latin 
verse.  It  is  therefore  commended  to  teachers  who  consider  Virgil  too 
difticult  for  a  first  verse  reader,  and  yet  have  very  little  time  for  work 
that  is  not  "  required."  In  the  American  edition  the  notes  have  been  re- 
written, the  vocabulary  revised,  and  references  added  to  the  grammars 
of  Allen  and  Greenough,  Gildersleeve,  and  Harkness. 


MACMILLAN  &  CO., 

112  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK. 

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